Rising atmospheric CO2 is reducing the protein concentration of a floral pollen source essential for North American bees.

Autor:	Ziska LH; Crop Systems and Global Change Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA l.ziska@ars.usda.gov., Pettis JS; Research Entomologist, Bee Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA., Edwards J; Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA., Hancock JE; Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA., Tomecek MB; Crop Systems and Global Change Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA., Clark A; US National Herbarium, Smithsonian Institution, MRC 166, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA., Dukes JS; Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47097, USA Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47097, USA., Loladze I; Bryan College of Health Sciences, Bryan Medical Center, Lincoln, NE 68506, USA., Polley HW; Grassland, Soil and Water Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Temple, TX 76502, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Proceedings. Biological sciences [Proc Biol Sci] 2016 Apr 13; Vol. 283 (1828).
DOI:	10.1098/rspb.2016.0414
Abstrakt:	At present, there is substantive evidence that the nutritional content of agriculturally important food crops will decrease in response to rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide, Ca However, whether Ca-induced declines in nutritional quality are also occurring for pollinator food sources is unknown. Flowering late in the season, goldenrod (Solidago spp.) pollen is a widely available autumnal food source commonly acknowledged by apiarists to be essential to native bee (e.g. Bombus spp.) and honeybee (Apis mellifera) health and winter survival. Using floral collections obtained from the Smithsonian Natural History Museum, we quantified Ca-induced temporal changes in pollen protein concentration of Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis), the most wide spread Solidago taxon, from hundreds of samples collected throughout the USA and southern Canada over the period 1842-2014 (i.e. a Ca from approx. 280 to 398 ppm). In addition, we conducted a 2 year in situtrial of S. Canadensis populations grown along a continuous Ca gradient from approximately 280 to 500 ppm. The historical data indicated a strong significant correlation between recent increases in Ca and reductions in pollen protein concentration (r(2)= 0.81). Experimental data confirmed this decrease in pollen protein concentration, and indicated that it would be ongoing as Ca continues to rise in the near term, i.e. to 500 ppm (r(2)= 0.88). While additional data are needed to quantify the subsequent effects of reduced protein concentration for Canada goldenrod on bee health and population stability, these results are the first to indicate that increasing Ca can reduce protein content of a floral pollen source widely used by North American bees. (© 2016 The Author(s).)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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