Type I Interferon Counteracts Antiviral Effects of Statins in the Context of Gammaherpesvirus Infection.

Autor:	Lange PT; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA., Darrah EJ; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA., Vonderhaar EP; Medical Scientist Training Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA., Mboko WP; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA., Rekow MM; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA., Patel SB; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Clinical Nutrition, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA., Sidjanin DJ; Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA., Tarakanova VL; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA vera@mcw.edu.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Journal of virology [J Virol] 2016 Jan 06; Vol. 90 (7), pp. 3342-54. Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Jan 06.
DOI:	10.1128/JVI.02277-15
Abstrakt:	Unlabelled: The cholesterol synthesis pathway is a ubiquitous cellular biosynthetic pathway that is attenuated therapeutically by statins. Importantly, type I interferon (IFN), a major antiviral mediator, also depresses the cholesterol synthesis pathway. Here we demonstrate that attenuation of cholesterol synthesis decreases gammaherpesvirus replication in primary macrophages in vitro and reactivation from peritoneal exudate cells in vivo. Specifically, the reduced availability of the intermediates required for protein prenylation was responsible for decreased gammaherpesvirus replication in statin-treated primary macrophages. We also demonstrate that statin treatment of a chronically infected host attenuates gammaherpesvirus latency in a route-of-infection-specific manner. Unexpectedly, we found that the antiviral effects of statins are counteracted by type I IFN. Our studies suggest that type I IFN signaling counteracts the antiviral nature of the subdued cholesterol synthesis pathway and offer a novel insight into the utility of statins as antiviral agents. Importance: Statins are cholesterol synthesis inhibitors that are therapeutically administered to 12.5% of the U.S. Population: Statins attenuate the replication of diverse viruses in culture; however, this attenuation is not always obvious in an intact animal model. Further, it is not clear whether statins alter parameters of highly prevalent chronic herpesvirus infections. We show that statin treatment attenuated gammaherpesvirus replication in primary immune cells and during chronic infection of an intact host. Further, we demonstrate that type I interferon signaling counteracts the antiviral effects of statins. Considering the fact that type I interferon decreases the activity of the cholesterol synthesis pathway, it is intriguing to speculate that gammaherpesviruses have evolved to usurp the type I interferon pathway to compensate for the decreased cholesterol synthesis activity. (Copyright © 2016, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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