Living in the Past, Present, and Future: Measuring Temporal Orientation With Language.

Autor: Park G; University of Pennsylvania., Schwartz HA; University of Pennsylvania.; Stony Brook University., Sap M; University of Pennsylvania., Kern ML; The University of Melbourne., Weingarten E; University of Pennsylvania., Eichstaedt JC; University of Pennsylvania., Berger J; University of Pennsylvania., Stillwell DJ; University of Cambridge., Kosinski M; Stanford University., Ungar LH; University of Pennsylvania., Seligman ME; University of Pennsylvania.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of personality [J Pers] 2017 Apr; Vol. 85 (2), pp. 270-280. Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Feb 29.
DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12239
Abstrakt: Temporal orientation refers to individual differences in the relative emphasis one places on the past, present, or future, and it is related to academic, financial, and health outcomes. We propose and evaluate a method for automatically measuring temporal orientation through language expressed on social media. Judges rated the temporal orientation of 4,302 social media messages. We trained a classifier based on these ratings, which could accurately predict the temporal orientation of new messages in a separate validation set (accuracy/mean sensitivity = .72; mean specificity = .77). We used the classifier to automatically classify 1.3 million messages written by 5,372 participants (50% female; ages 13-48). Finally, we tested whether individual differences in past, present, and future orientation differentially related to gender, age, Big Five personality, satisfaction with life, and depressive symptoms. Temporal orientations exhibit several expected correlations with age, gender, and Big Five personality. More future-oriented people were older, more likely to be female, more conscientious, less impulsive, less depressed, and more satisfied with life; present orientation showed the opposite pattern. Language-based assessments can complement and extend existing measures of temporal orientation, providing an alternative approach and additional insights into language and personality relationships.
(© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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