| Autor: |
Wittekind D; DW-ShipConsult GmbH, 24223, Schwentinental, Germany. wittekind@dw-sc.de., Tougaard J; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark. jat@dmu.dk., Stilz P; Freelance Biologist, 72379, Hechingen-Sickingen, Germany. peter.stilz@uni-tuebingen.de., Dähne M; Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research (ITAW), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 25761, Büsum, Germany. michael.daehne@tiho-hannover.de., Clark CW; Cornell Bioacoustics Research Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA. cwc2@cornell.edu., Lucke K; Lucke Biological Consulting (LBC), 1791 TP, Den Berg, Netherlands. klaus.lucke@wur.nl.; Department of Ecosystems, Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies (IMARES), Wageningen UR, 1790 AD, Den Burg, Netherlands. klaus.lucke@wur.nl., von Benda-Beckmann S; Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2509 JG, Hague, Netherlands. sander.vonbendabeckmann@tno.nl., Ainslie MA; Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2509 JG, Hague, Netherlands. michael.ainslie@tno.nl., Siebert U; Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research (ITAW), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 25761, Büsum, Germany. ursula.siebert@tiho-hannover.de. |
| Abstrakt: |
We estimated the long-range effects of air gun array noise on marine mammal communication ranges in the Southern Ocean. Air gun impulses are subject to significant distortion during propagation, potentially resulting in a quasi-continuous sound. Propagation modeling to estimate the received waveform was conducted. A leaky integrator was used as a hearing model to assess communication masking in three species due to intermittent/continuous air gun sounds. Air gun noise is most probably changing from impulse to continuous noise between 1,000 and 2,000 km from the source, leading to a reduced communication range for, e.g., blue and fin whales up to 2,000 km from the source. |
