Universal Quake Statistics: From Compressed Nanocrystals to Earthquakes.

Autor: Uhl JT; Retired, Los Angeles, CA., Pathak S; Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801., Schorlemmer D; German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany.; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089., Liu X; Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801., Swindeman R; Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801., Brinkman BA; Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801., LeBlanc M; Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801., Tsekenis G; Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801., Friedman N; Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801., Behringer R; Department of Physics and Center for Nonlinear and Complex Systems, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708-0305 USA., Denisov D; Department of Physics, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GL Amsterdam, Netherlands., Schall P; Department of Physics, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GL Amsterdam, Netherlands., Gu X; Department of Mechanical Engineering, One Dent Drive, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837., Wright WJ; Department of Mechanical Engineering, One Dent Drive, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837.; Department of Chemical Engineering, One Dent Drive, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837., Hufnagel T; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218., Jennings A; Department of Materials Science, Caltech, MC 309-81, Pasadena, CA 91125-8100., Greer JR; Department of Materials Science, Caltech, MC 309-81, Pasadena, CA 91125-8100., Liaw PK; Department of Materials Science, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 37996-2100., Becker T; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089., Dresen G; German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany., Dahmen KA; Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2015 Nov 17; Vol. 5, pp. 16493. Date of Electronic Publication: 2015 Nov 17.
DOI: 10.1038/srep16493
Abstrakt: Slowly-compressed single crystals, bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), rocks, granular materials, and the earth all deform via intermittent slips or "quakes". We find that although these systems span 12 decades in length scale, they all show the same scaling behavior for their slip size distributions and other statistical properties. Remarkably, the size distributions follow the same power law multiplied with the same exponential cutoff. The cutoff grows with applied force for materials spanning length scales from nanometers to kilometers. The tuneability of the cutoff with stress reflects "tuned critical" behavior, rather than self-organized criticality (SOC), which would imply stress-independence. A simple mean field model for avalanches of slipping weak spots explains the agreement across scales. It predicts the observed slip-size distributions and the observed stress-dependent cutoff function. The results enable extrapolations from one scale to another, and from one force to another, across different materials and structures, from nanocrystals to earthquakes.
Databáze: MEDLINE