| Autor: |
Watts MJ; Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK., Joy EJ; Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK.; School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK., Young SD; School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK., Broadley MR; School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK., Chilimba AD; Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development, Lunyangwa Research Station, PO Box 59, Malawi., Gibson RS; University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand., Siyame EW; Department of Home Economics and Human Nutrition, Bunda College, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, PO Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi., Kalimbira AA; Department of Home Economics and Human Nutrition, Bunda College, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, PO Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi., Chilima B; Community Health Sciences Unit, Ministry of Health, Private Bag 65, Lilongwe, Malawi., Ander EL; Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK. |
| Abstrakt: |
The aim of this study was to characterise nutritional-I status in Malawi. Dietary-I intakes were assessed using new datasets of crop, fish, salt and water-I concentrations, while I status was assessed for 60 women living on each of calcareous and non-calcareous soils as defined by urinary iodine concentration (UIC). Iodine concentration in staple foods was low, with median concentrations of 0.01 mg kg(-1) in maize grain, 0.008 mg kg(-1) in roots and tubers, but 0.155 mg kg(-1) in leafy vegetables. Freshwater fish is a good source of dietary-I with a median concentration of 0.51 mg kg(-1). Mean Malawian dietary-Iodine intake from food, excluding salt, was just 7.8 μg d(-1) compared to an adult requirement of 150 μg d(-1). Despite low dietary-I intake from food, median UICs were 203 μg L(-1) with only 12% defined as I deficient whilst 21% exhibited excessive I intake. Iodised salt is likely to be the main source of dietary I intake in Malawi; thus, I nutrition mainly depends on the usage and concentration of I in iodised salt. Drinking water could be a significant source of I in some areas, providing up to 108 μg d(-1) based on consumption of 2 L d(-1). |
