Aesthetic Uses of Neuromodulators: Current Uses and Future Directions.
| Autor: | Gart MS; Chicago, Ill. From the Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern Memorial Hospital; and Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Illinois., Gutowski KA |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | Plastic and reconstructive surgery [Plast Reconstr Surg] 2015 Nov; Vol. 136 (5 Suppl), pp. 62S-71S. |
| DOI: | 10.1097/PRS.0000000000001773 |
| Abstrakt: | Background: The introduction of neuromodulators for aesthetic facial improvements greatly expanded the limits of nonsurgical facial rejuvenation. Although many current uses are considered "off-label," the widespread acceptance and favorable safety profile of properly used botulinum toxins have made them one of the most common aesthetic treatments available. Methods: A literature review of current facial aesthetic uses of various botulinum toxin preparations was done, and general concepts were identified. Results: Currently, Food and Drug Administration-approved botulinum toxin preparations onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox), abobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport), and incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin) have similar off-label indications and clinical uses. Conclusions: Although not considered interchangeable, administration and clinical outcomes are not much different between the 3 commonly used botulinum products. The impact of botulinum products currently in development has yet to be determined. |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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