Acenocoumarol Pharmacogenetic Dosing Algorithms and Their Application in Two Bulgarian Patients with Low Anticoagulant Requirements.

Autor: Dimitrova-Karamfilova A; Department of Clinical Laboratory, University Hospital of Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiology 'St. Ekaterina'- Sofia, 52A Pencho Slaveykov bul., 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria., Tzveova R; Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University - Sofia, 2 Zdrave str, 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria. renitzveova@abv.bg., Chilingirova N; Department of Clinical Laboratory, University Hospital of Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiology 'St. Ekaterina'- Sofia, 52A Pencho Slaveykov bul., 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria., Goranova T; Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University - Sofia, 2 Zdrave str, 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria., Nachev G; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiology 'St. Ekaterina'- Sofia, 52A Pencho Slaveykov bul., 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria., Mitev V; Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University - Sofia, 2 Zdrave str, 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria., Kaneva R; Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University - Sofia, 2 Zdrave str, 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Biochemical genetics [Biochem Genet] 2015 Dec; Vol. 53 (11-12), pp. 334-50. Date of Electronic Publication: 2015 Sep 16.
DOI: 10.1007/s10528-015-9695-8
Abstrakt: Background: The anticoagulant therapy with acenocoumarol is generally associated with a high risk of bleeding and thromboembolic events.
Purpose: We applied eight already existing acenocoumarol dosing algorithms to Bulgarian patients with low acenocoumarol dose requirements and investigated which of these algorithms would predict most precisely the dose anticoagulant.
Materials and Methods: Two patients with Bulgarian origin were referred to the outpatient clinical laboratory of "St. Ekaterina" University Hospital for Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiology, Sofia, Bulgaria. After obtaining written informed consent, both patients were genotyped for polymorphisms in genes for Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9), Vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKORC1), Apolipoprotein E (APOE), and Cytochrome P450 4F2 (CYP4F2).
Results: All applied acenocoumarol dosing algorithms predicted relatively similar doses of coumarin anticoagulant in both patients. However, van Schie et al.'s algorithm allowed more accurate calculation of the optimal dose in our patients with extremely low acenocoumarol requirements. Genotyping of selected polymorphic variants in CYP2C9 and VKORC1 showed that both patients were compound heterozygotes for CYP2C9 (CYP2C9*2/*3) and homozygotes for both variants in VKORC1 (VKORC1 1173 T/T, and VKORC1-1639 A/A). This combination of genotypes suggested high sensitivity to acenocoumarol leading to the low anticoagulant dose requirements (0.25 and 1 mg/day, respectively) needed to reach the target International Normalized Ratio of 2.5-3.5.
Conclusions: The genotyping of polymorphic variants in VKORC1 and CYP2C9, together with clinical and demographic parameters, can serve for more precise definition of the individual starting and maintenance doses of coumarin derivatives in each patient.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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