Effects of metformin on metabolite profiles and LDL cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Autor:	Xu T; Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany., Brandmaier S; Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany., Messias AC; Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany., Herder C; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany., Draisma HH; Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands., Demirkan A; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands., Yu Z; Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany., Ried JS; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany., Haller T; Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia., Heier M; Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany., Campillos M; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany., Fobo G; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany., Stark R; Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany., Holzapfel C; Else Kroener-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany., Adam J; Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany., Chi S; Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany., Rotter M; Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany., Panni T; Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany., Quante AS; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany., He Y; Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai, China Bioinformatics Center, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China., Prehn C; Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany., Roemisch-Margl W; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany., Kastenmüller G; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany., Willemsen G; Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands., Pool R; Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands., Kasa K; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands., van Dijk KW; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands., Hankemeier T; Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Analytical BioSciences, the Netherlands., Meisinger C; Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany., Thorand B; Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany., Ruepp A; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany., Hrabé de Angelis M; Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany Chair of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany., Li Y; Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai, China Bioinformatics Center, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China., Wichmann HE; Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany Institute of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany., Stratmann B; Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Diabetes Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany., Strauch K; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany., Metspalu A; Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia., Gieger C; Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany., Suhre K; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar., Adamski J; Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany Chair of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany., Illig T; Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany., Rathmann W; Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany., Roden M; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany., Peters A; Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA., van Duijn CM; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Center for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, the Netherlands., Boomsma DI; Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands., Meitinger T; Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany., Wang-Sattler R; Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany rui.wang-sattler@helmholtz-muenchen.de.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Diabetes care [Diabetes Care] 2015 Oct; Vol. 38 (10), pp. 1858-67. Date of Electronic Publication: 2015 Aug 05.
DOI:	10.2337/dc15-0658
Abstrakt:	Objective: Metformin is used as a first-line oral treatment for type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we aimed to comprehensively investigate the pleiotropic effects of metformin. Research Design and Methods: We analyzed both metabolomic and genomic data of the population-based KORA cohort. To evaluate the effect of metformin treatment on metabolite concentrations, we quantified 131 metabolites in fasting serum samples and used multivariable linear regression models in three independent cross-sectional studies (n = 151 patients with T2D treated with metformin [mt-T2D]). Additionally, we used linear mixed-effect models to study the longitudinal KORA samples (n = 912) and performed mediation analyses to investigate the effects of metformin intake on blood lipid profiles. We combined genotyping data with the identified metformin-associated metabolites in KORA individuals (n = 1,809) and explored the underlying pathways. Results: We found significantly lower (P < 5.0E-06) concentrations of three metabolites (acyl-alkyl phosphatidylcholines [PCs]) when comparing mt-T2D with four control groups who were not using glucose-lowering oral medication. These findings were controlled for conventional risk factors of T2D and replicated in two independent studies. Furthermore, we observed that the levels of these metabolites decreased significantly in patients after they started metformin treatment during 7 years' follow-up. The reduction of these metabolites was also associated with a lowered blood level of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C). Variations of these three metabolites were significantly associated with 17 genes (including FADS1 and FADS2) and controlled by AMPK, a metformin target. Conclusions: Our results indicate that metformin intake activates AMPK and consequently suppresses FADS, which leads to reduced levels of the three acyl-alkyl PCs and LDL-C. Our findings suggest potential beneficial effects of metformin in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. (© 2015 by the American Diabetes Association. Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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