Dissociations in Cortical Morphometry in Youth with Down Syndrome: Evidence for Reduced Surface Area but Increased Thickness.

Autor:	Lee NR; Child Psychiatry Branch Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA., Adeyemi EI; Child Psychiatry Branch., Lin A; Child Psychiatry Branch., Clasen LS; Child Psychiatry Branch., Lalonde FM; Child Psychiatry Branch., Condon E; Functional MRI Core Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA., Driver DI; Child Psychiatry Branch., Shaw P; Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA., Gogtay N; Child Psychiatry Branch., Raznahan A; Child Psychiatry Branch., Giedd JN; Child Psychiatry Branch Department of Psychiatry, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) [Cereb Cortex] 2016 Jul; Vol. 26 (7), pp. 2982-90. Date of Electronic Publication: 2015 Jun 17.
DOI:	10.1093/cercor/bhv107
Abstrakt:	Detailed descriptions of cortical anatomy in youth with Down syndrome (DS), the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability (ID), are scant. Thus, the current study examined deviations in cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA), at high spatial resolution, in youth with DS, to identify focal differences relative to typically developing (TD) youth. Participants included 31 youth with DS and 45 age- and sex-matched TD controls (mean age ∼16 years; range = 5-24 years). All participants completed T1-weighted ASSET-calibrated magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo scans on a 3-T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Replicating prior investigations, cortical volume was reduced in DS compared with controls. However, a novel dissociation for SA and CT was found-namely, SA was reduced (predominantly in frontal and temporal regions) while CT was increased (notably in several regions thought to belong to the default mode network; DMN). These findings suggest that reductions in SA rather than CT are driving the cortical volume reductions reported in prior investigations of DS. Moreover, given the link between DMN functionality and Alzheimer's symptomatology in chromosomally typical populations, future DS studies may benefit from focusing on the cortex in DMN regions, as such investigations may provide clues to the precocious onset of Alzheimer's disease in this at-risk group. (Published by Oxford University Press 2015. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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