Bottlenecks in domestic animal populations can facilitate the emergence of Trypanosoma cruzi, the aetiological agent of Chagas disease.

Autor:	Levy MZ; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia/University of Pennsylvania Chagas Disease Field Laboratory, Arequipa, Peru mzlevy@mail.med.upenn.edu., Tustin A; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Castillo-Neyra R; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia/University of Pennsylvania Chagas Disease Field Laboratory, Arequipa, Peru., Mabud TS; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Levy K; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Barbu CM; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia/University of Pennsylvania Chagas Disease Field Laboratory, Arequipa, Peru., Quispe-Machaca VR; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia/University of Pennsylvania Chagas Disease Field Laboratory, Arequipa, Peru., Ancca-Juarez J; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia/University of Pennsylvania Chagas Disease Field Laboratory, Arequipa, Peru., Borrini-Mayori K; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia/University of Pennsylvania Chagas Disease Field Laboratory, Arequipa, Peru., Naquira-Velarde C; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia/University of Pennsylvania Chagas Disease Field Laboratory, Arequipa, Peru., Ostfeld RS; Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Proceedings. Biological sciences [Proc Biol Sci] 2015 Jul 07; Vol. 282 (1810).
DOI:	10.1098/rspb.2014.2807
Abstrakt:	Faeces-mediated transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi (the aetiological agent of Chagas disease) by triatomine insects is extremely inefficient. Still, the parasite emerges frequently, and has infected millions of people and domestic animals. We synthesize here the results of field and laboratory studies of T. cruzi transmission conducted in and around Arequipa, Peru. We document the repeated occurrence of large colonies of triatomine bugs (more than 1000) with very high infection prevalence (more than 85%). By inoculating guinea pigs, an important reservoir of T. cruzi in Peru, and feeding triatomine bugs on them weekly, we demonstrate that, while most animals quickly control parasitaemia, a subset of animals remains highly infectious to vectors for many months. However, we argue that the presence of these persistently infectious hosts is insufficient to explain the observed prevalence of T. cruzi in vector colonies. We posit that seasonal rains, leading to a fluctuation in the price of guinea pig food (alfalfa), leading to annual guinea pig roasts, leading to a concentration of vectors on a small subpopulation of animals maintained for reproduction, can propel T. cruzi through vector colonies and create a considerable force of infection for a pathogen whose transmission might otherwise fizzle out. (© 2015 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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