Neuroanatomical correlates of the income-achievement gap.

Autor:	Mackey AP; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology amackey@mit.edu., Finn AS; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology., Leonard JA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology., Jacoby-Senghor DS; Columbia Business School., West MR; Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard University., Gabrieli CF; Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard University Transforming Education, Boston, Massachusetts., Gabrieli JD; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard University.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Psychological science [Psychol Sci] 2015 Jun; Vol. 26 (6), pp. 925-33. Date of Electronic Publication: 2015 Apr 20.
DOI:	10.1177/0956797615572233
Abstrakt:	In the United States, the difference in academic achievement between higher- and lower-income students (i.e., the income-achievement gap) is substantial and growing. In the research reported here, we investigated neuroanatomical correlates of this gap in adolescents (N = 58) in whom academic achievement was measured by statewide standardized testing. Cortical gray-matter volume was significantly greater in students from higher-income backgrounds (n = 35) than in students from lower-income backgrounds (n = 23), but cortical white-matter volume and total cortical surface area did not differ significantly between groups. Cortical thickness in all lobes of the brain was greater in students from higher-income than lower-income backgrounds. Greater cortical thickness, particularly in temporal and occipital lobes, was associated with better test performance. These results represent the first evidence that cortical thickness in higher- and lower-income students differs across broad swaths of the brain and that cortical thickness is related to scores on academic-achievement tests. (© The Author(s) 2015.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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