Hydrogen sulfide and traffic-related air pollutants in association with increased mortality: a case-crossover study in Reykjavik, Iceland.

Autor:	Finnbjornsdottir RG; Centre of Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland., Oudin A; Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden., Elvarsson BT; Science Institute, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland., Gislason T; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland., Rafnsson V; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	BMJ open [BMJ Open] 2015 Apr 08; Vol. 5 (4), pp. e007272. Date of Electronic Publication: 2015 Apr 08.
DOI:	10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007272
Abstrakt:	Objectives: To study the association between daily mortality and short-term increases in air pollutants, both traffic-related and the geothermal source-specific hydrogen sulfide (H₂S). Design: Population-based, time stratified case-crossover. A lag time to 4 days was considered. Seasonal, gender and age stratification were calculated. Also, the best-fit lag when introducing H₂S >7 µg/m(3) was selected by the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Setting: The population of the greater Reykjavik area (n=181,558) during 2003-2009. Participants: Cases were defined as individuals living in the Reykjavik capital area, 18 years or older (N=138,657), who died due to all natural causes (ICD-10 codes A00-R99) other than injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes, or cardiovascular disease (ICD-10 codes I00-I99) during the study period. Main Outcome Measure: Percentage increases in risk of death (IR%) following an interquartile range increase in pollutants. Results: The total number of deaths due to all natural causes was 7679 and due to cardiovascular diseases was 3033. The interquartile range increased concentrations of H₂S (2.6 µg/m(3)) were associated with daily all natural cause mortality in the Reykjavik capital area. The IR% was statistically significant during the summer season (lag 1: IR%=5.05, 95% CI 0.61 to 9.68; lag 2: IR%=5.09, 95% CI 0.44 to 9.97), among males (lag 0: IR%=2.26, 95% CI 0.23 to 4.44), and among the elderly (lag 0: IR%=1.94, 95% CI 0.12 to 1.04; lag 1: IR%=1.99, 95% CI 0.21 to 1.04), when adjusted for traffic-related pollutants and meteorological variables. The traffic-related pollutants were generally not associated with statistical significant IR%s. Conclusions: The results suggest that ambient H₂S air pollution may increase mortality in Reykjavik, Iceland. To the best of our knowledge, ambient H₂S exposure has not previously been associated with increased mortality in population-based studies and therefore the results should be interpreted with caution. Further studies are warranted to confirm or refute whether H₂S exposure induces premature deaths. (Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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