Within- and between-city contrasts in nitrogen dioxide and mortality in 10 Canadian cities; a subset of the Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CanCHEC).

Autor: Crouse DL; Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., Peters PA; 1] Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada [2] Department of Sociology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada., Villeneuve PJ; Institute of Health Science, Technology and Policy, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., Proux MO; Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., Shin HH; Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., Goldberg MS; 1] Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada [2] Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada., Johnson M; Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., Wheeler AJ; Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., Allen RW; Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada., Atari DO; Faculty of Arts & Science, Nipissing University, North Bay, Ontario, Canada., Jerrett M; School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA., Brauer M; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada., Brook JR; 1] Air Quality Research Division, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada [2] Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., Cakmak S; Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., Burnett RT; Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology [J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol] 2015 Sep-Oct; Vol. 25 (5), pp. 482-9. Date of Electronic Publication: 2015 Jan 21.
DOI: 10.1038/jes.2014.89
Abstrakt: The independent and joint effects of within- and between-city contrasts in air pollution on mortality have been investigated rarely. To examine the differential effects of between- versus within-city contrasts in pollution exposure, we used both ambient measurements and land use regression models to assess associations with mortality and exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) among ~735,600 adults in 10 of the largest Canadian cities. We estimated exposure contrasts partitioned into within- and between-city contrasts, and the sum of these as overall exposures, for every year from 1984 to 2006. Residential histories allowed us to follow subjects annually during the study period. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for many personal and contextual variables. In fully-adjusted, random-effects models, we found positive associations between overall NO2 exposures and mortality from non-accidental causes (HR per 5 p.p.b.: 1.05; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-1.07), cardiovascular disease (HR per 5 p.p.b.: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01-1.06), ischaemic heart disease (HR per 5 p.p.b.: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02-1.08) and respiratory disease (HR per 5 p.p.b.: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.99-1.08), but not from cerebrovascular disease (HR per 5 p.p.b.: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.96-1.06). We found that most of these associations were determined by within-city contrasts, as opposed to by between-city contrasts in NO2. Our results suggest that variation in NO2 concentrations within a city may represent a more toxic mixture of pollution than variation between cities.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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