Surface water risk assessment of pesticides in Ethiopia.

Autor: Teklu BM; Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; The College of Natural Sciences, University of Addis Ababa, 4 Kiklo Campus, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Adriaanse PI; Alterra, Wageningen University and Research centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands., Ter Horst MM; Alterra, Wageningen University and Research centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands., Deneer JW; Alterra, Wageningen University and Research centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands., Van den Brink PJ; Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Alterra, Wageningen University and Research centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: paul.vandenbrink@wur.nl.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: The Science of the total environment [Sci Total Environ] 2015 Mar 01; Vol. 508, pp. 566-74. Date of Electronic Publication: 2014 Dec 04.
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.049
Abstrakt: Scenarios for future use in the pesticide registration procedure in Ethiopia were designed for 3 separate Ethiopian locations, which are aimed to be protective for the whole of Ethiopia. The scenarios estimate concentrations in surface water resulting from agricultural use of pesticides for a small stream and for two types of small ponds. Seven selected pesticides were selected since they were estimated to bear the highest risk to humans on the basis of volume of use, application rate and acute and chronic human toxicity, assuming exposure as a result of the consumption of surface water. Potential ecotoxicological risks were not considered as a selection criterion at this stage. Estimates of exposure concentrations in surface water were established using modelling software also applied in the EU registration procedure (PRZM and TOXSWA). Input variables included physico-chemical properties, and data such as crop calendars, irrigation schedules, meteorological information and detailed application data which were specifically tailored to the Ethiopian situation. The results indicate that for all the pesticides investigated the acute human risk resulting from the consumption of surface water is low to negligible, whereas agricultural use of chlorothalonil, deltamethrin, endosulfan and malathion in some crops may result in medium to high risk to aquatic species. The predicted environmental concentration estimates are based on procedures similar to procedures used at the EU level and in the USA. Addition of aquatic macrophytes as an ecotoxicological endpoint may constitute a welcome future addition to the risk assessment procedure. Implementation of the methods used for risk characterization constitutes a good step forward in the pesticide registration procedure in Ethiopia.
(Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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