Preservation of viral genomes in 700-y-old caribou feces from a subarctic ice patch.

Autor: Ng TF; Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94118;, Chen LF; Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616;, Zhou Y; Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94118;, Shapiro B; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064;, Stiller M; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064;, Heintzman PD; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064;, Varsani A; School of Biological Sciences and Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; Department of Plant Pathology and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611; Electron Microscope Unit, Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa;, Kondov NO; Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118;, Wong W; Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118;, Deng X; Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94118;, Andrews TD; Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre, Government of the Northwest Territories, Yellowknife, NT, Canada X1A2L9;, Moorman BJ; Department of Geography, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N1N4; and., Meulendyk T; Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C1A4., MacKay G; Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre, Government of the Northwest Territories, Yellowknife, NT, Canada X1A2L9;, Gilbertson RL; Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616;, Delwart E; Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94118; delwarte@medicine.ucsf.edu.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 2014 Nov 25; Vol. 111 (47), pp. 16842-7. Date of Electronic Publication: 2014 Oct 27.
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1410429111
Abstrakt: Viruses preserved in ancient materials provide snapshots of past viral diversity and a means to trace viral evolution through time. Here, we use a metagenomics approach to identify filterable and nuclease-resistant nucleic acids preserved in 700-y-old caribou feces frozen in a permanent ice patch. We were able to recover and characterize two viruses in replicated experiments performed in two different laboratories: a small circular DNA viral genome (ancient caribou feces associated virus, or aCFV) and a partial RNA viral genome (Ancient Northwest Territories cripavirus, or aNCV). Phylogenetic analysis identifies aCFV as distantly related to the plant-infecting geminiviruses and the fungi-infecting Sclerotinia sclerotiorum hypovirulence-associated DNA virus 1 and aNCV as within the insect-infecting Cripavirus genus. We hypothesize that these viruses originate from plant material ingested by caribou or from flying insects and that their preservation can be attributed to protection within viral capsids maintained at cold temperatures. To investigate the tropism of aCFV, we used the geminiviral reverse genetic system and introduced a multimeric clone into the laboratory model plant Nicotiana benthamiana. Evidence for infectivity came from the detection of viral DNA in newly emerged leaves and the precise excision of the viral genome from the multimeric clones in inoculated leaves. Our findings indicate that viral genomes may in some circumstances be protected from degradation for centuries.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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