Exploring petroleum hydrocarbons in groundwater by double solid phase extraction coupled to gas chromatography-flame ionization detector.

Autor: Pindado Jiménez O; Division of Chemistry, Technology Department, CIEMAT. Av. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: oscar.pindado@ciemat.es., Pérez Pastor RM; Division of Chemistry, Technology Department, CIEMAT. Av. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain., Escolano Segovia O; Division of Soil and Environmental Geology, Environment Department, CIEMAT. Av. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain., del Reino Querencia S; Environment and Hydrogeology, AITEMIN. C/Río Cabriel, 45007 Toledo, Spain.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Talanta [Talanta] 2015 Jan; Vol. 131, pp. 315-24. Date of Electronic Publication: 2014 Jul 17.
DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.06.042
Abstrakt: This work proposes an analytical procedure for measuring aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons fractions present in groundwater. In this method, hydrocarbons are solid phase extracted (SPE) twice from the groundwater and the resulting fractions are analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. The first SPE disposes the hydrocarbons present in groundwater in organic solvents and the second SPE divides them into aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. The validation study is carried out and its uncertainties are discussed. Identifying the main sources of uncertainty is evaluated through applying the bottom-up approach. Limits of detection for hydrocarbons ranges are below 5 µg L(-1), precision is not above of 30%, and acceptable recoveries are reached for aliphatic and aromatic fractions studied. The uncertainty due to volume of the sample, factor of calibration and recovery are the highest contributions. The expanded uncertainty range from 13% to 26% for the aliphatic hydrocarbons ranges and from 14% to 23% for the aromatic hydrocarbons ranges. As application, the proposed method is satisfactorily applied to a set of groundwater samples collected in a polluted area where there is evidence to present a high degree of hydrocarbons. The results have shown the range of aliphatic hydrocarbons >C21-C35 is the most abundant, with values ranging from 215 µg L(-1) to 354 µg L(-1), which it is associated to a contamination due to diesel.
(Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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