Survival prediction model of children with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma based on clinical and radiological criteria.

Autor:	Jansen MH; Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.H.A.J., S.E.M.V.v.Z., E.J.v.d.H., G.J.L.K., D.G.v.V.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E.S.A., F.B.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.W.H.); Department of Neuroradiology, Reference Center for Neuroradiology, Uniklinikum Wurzburg, University of Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany (M.W-M.); Department of Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital London, London, UK (D.H.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (C.E.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (E.S.J.M.d.B.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (O.S.E.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands (R.R.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center Rotterdam, Leiden, Netherlands (C.M.P.C.D.P.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands (A.Y.N.S-v.M.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands (R.H.J.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands (B.G.); Department of Radiotherapy, Isala Clinics Zwolle, Zwolle, Netherlands (G.M.R.N.P.); Department of Radiation Oncology (874), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (G.O.J.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (D.P.N., W.P.V.); University Children's Hospital, Halle, Germany (C.M.K.); Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medi, Veldhuijzen van Zanten SE; Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.H.A.J., S.E.M.V.v.Z., E.J.v.d.H., G.J.L.K., D.G.v.V.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E.S.A., F.B.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.W.H.); Department of Neuroradiology, Reference Center for Neuroradiology, Uniklinikum Wurzburg, University of Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany (M.W-M.); Department of Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital London, London, UK (D.H.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (C.E.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (E.S.J.M.d.B.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (O.S.E.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands (R.R.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center Rotterdam, Leiden, Netherlands (C.M.P.C.D.P.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands (A.Y.N.S-v.M.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands (R.H.J.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands (B.G.); Department of Radiotherapy, Isala Clinics Zwolle, Zwolle, Netherlands (G.M.R.N.P.); Department of Radiation Oncology (874), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (G.O.J.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (D.P.N., W.P.V.); University Children's Hospital, Halle, Germany (C.M.K.); Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medi, Sanchez Aliaga E; Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.H.A.J., S.E.M.V.v.Z., E.J.v.d.H., G.J.L.K., D.G.v.V.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E.S.A., F.B.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.W.H.); Department of Neuroradiology, Reference Center for Neuroradiology, Uniklinikum Wurzburg, University of Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany (M.W-M.); Department of Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital London, London, UK (D.H.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (C.E.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (E.S.J.M.d.B.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (O.S.E.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands (R.R.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center Rotterdam, Leiden, Netherlands (C.M.P.C.D.P.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands (A.Y.N.S-v.M.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands (R.H.J.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands (B.G.); Department of Radiotherapy, Isala Clinics Zwolle, Zwolle, Netherlands (G.M.R.N.P.); Department of Radiation Oncology (874), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (G.O.J.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (D.P.N., W.P.V.); University Children's Hospital, Halle, Germany (C.M.K.); Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medi, Heymans MW; Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.H.A.J., S.E.M.V.v.Z., E.J.v.d.H., G.J.L.K., D.G.v.V.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E.S.A., F.B.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.W.H.); Department of Neuroradiology, Reference Center for Neuroradiology, Uniklinikum Wurzburg, University of Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany (M.W-M.); Department of Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital London, London, UK (D.H.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (C.E.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (E.S.J.M.d.B.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (O.S.E.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands (R.R.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center Rotterdam, Leiden, Netherlands (C.M.P.C.D.P.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands (A.Y.N.S-v.M.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands (R.H.J.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands (B.G.); Department of Radiotherapy, Isala Clinics Zwolle, Zwolle, Netherlands (G.M.R.N.P.); Department of Radiation Oncology (874), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (G.O.J.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (D.P.N., W.P.V.); University Children's Hospital, Halle, Germany (C.M.K.); Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medi, Warmuth-Metz M; Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.H.A.J., S.E.M.V.v.Z., E.J.v.d.H., G.J.L.K., D.G.v.V.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E.S.A., F.B.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.W.H.); Department of Neuroradiology, Reference Center for Neuroradiology, Uniklinikum Wurzburg, University of Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany (M.W-M.); Department of Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital London, London, UK (D.H.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (C.E.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (E.S.J.M.d.B.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (O.S.E.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands (R.R.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center Rotterdam, Leiden, Netherlands (C.M.P.C.D.P.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands (A.Y.N.S-v.M.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands (R.H.J.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands (B.G.); Department of Radiotherapy, Isala Clinics Zwolle, Zwolle, Netherlands (G.M.R.N.P.); Department of Radiation Oncology (874), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (G.O.J.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (D.P.N., W.P.V.); University Children's Hospital, Halle, Germany (C.M.K.); Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medi, Hargrave D; Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.H.A.J., S.E.M.V.v.Z., E.J.v.d.H., G.J.L.K., D.G.v.V.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E.S.A., F.B.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.W.H.); Department of Neuroradiology, Reference Center for Neuroradiology, Uniklinikum Wurzburg, University of Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany (M.W-M.); Department of Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital London, London, UK (D.H.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (C.E.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (E.S.J.M.d.B.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (O.S.E.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands (R.R.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center Rotterdam, Leiden, Netherlands (C.M.P.C.D.P.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands (A.Y.N.S-v.M.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands (R.H.J.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands (B.G.); Department of Radiotherapy, Isala Clinics Zwolle, Zwolle, Netherlands (G.M.R.N.P.); Department of Radiation Oncology (874), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (G.O.J.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (D.P.N., W.P.V.); University Children's Hospital, Halle, Germany (C.M.K.); Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medi, van der Hoeven EJ; Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.H.A.J., S.E.M.V.v.Z., E.J.v.d.H., G.J.L.K., D.G.v.V.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E.S.A., F.B.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.W.H.); Department of Neuroradiology, Reference Center for Neuroradiology, Uniklinikum Wurzburg, University of Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany (M.W-M.); Department of Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital London, London, UK (D.H.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (C.E.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (E.S.J.M.d.B.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (O.S.E.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands (R.R.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center Rotterdam, Leiden, Netherlands (C.M.P.C.D.P.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands (A.Y.N.S-v.M.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands (R.H.J.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands (B.G.); Department of Radiotherapy, Isala Clinics Zwolle, Zwolle, Netherlands (G.M.R.N.P.); Department of Radiation Oncology (874), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (G.O.J.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (D.P.N., W.P.V.); University Children's Hospital, Halle, Germany (C.M.K.); Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medi, Gidding CE; Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.H.A.J., S.E.M.V.v.Z., E.J.v.d.H., G.J.L.K., D.G.v.V.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E.S.A., F.B.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.W.H.); Department of Neuroradiology, Reference Center for Neuroradiology, Uniklinikum Wurzburg, University of Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany (M.W-M.); Department of Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital London, London, UK (D.H.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (C.E.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (E.S.J.M.d.B.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (O.S.E.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands (R.R.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center Rotterdam, Leiden, Netherlands (C.M.P.C.D.P.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands (A.Y.N.S-v.M.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands (R.H.J.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands (B.G.); Department of Radiotherapy, Isala Clinics Zwolle, Zwolle, Netherlands (G.M.R.N.P.); Department of Radiation Oncology (874), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (G.O.J.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (D.P.N., W.P.V.); University Children's Hospital, Halle, Germany (C.M.K.); Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medi, de Bont ES; Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.H.A.J., S.E.M.V.v.Z., E.J.v.d.H., G.J.L.K., D.G.v.V.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E.S.A., F.B.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.W.H.); Department of Neuroradiology, Reference Center for Neuroradiology, Uniklinikum Wurzburg, University of Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany (M.W-M.); Department of Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital London, London, UK (D.H.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (C.E.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (E.S.J.M.d.B.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (O.S.E.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands (R.R.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center Rotterdam, Leiden, Netherlands (C.M.P.C.D.P.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands (A.Y.N.S-v.M.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands (R.H.J.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands (B.G.); Department of Radiotherapy, Isala Clinics Zwolle, Zwolle, Netherlands (G.M.R.N.P.); Department of Radiation Oncology (874), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (G.O.J.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (D.P.N., W.P.V.); University Children's Hospital, Halle, Germany (C.M.K.); Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medi, Eshghi OS; Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.H.A.J., S.E.M.V.v.Z., E.J.v.d.H., G.J.L.K., D.G.v.V.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E.S.A., F.B.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.W.H.); Department of Neuroradiology, Reference Center for Neuroradiology, Uniklinikum Wurzburg, University of Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany (M.W-M.); Department of Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital London, London, UK (D.H.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (C.E.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (E.S.J.M.d.B.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (O.S.E.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands (R.R.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center Rotterdam, Leiden, Netherlands (C.M.P.C.D.P.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands (A.Y.N.S-v.M.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands (R.H.J.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands (B.G.); Department of Radiotherapy, Isala Clinics Zwolle, Zwolle, Netherlands (G.M.R.N.P.); Department of Radiation Oncology (874), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (G.O.J.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (D.P.N., W.P.V.); University Children's Hospital, Halle, Germany (C.M.K.); Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medi, Reddingius R; Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.H.A.J., S.E.M.V.v.Z., E.J.v.d.H., G.J.L.K., D.G.v.V.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E.S.A., F.B.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.W.H.); Department of Neuroradiology, Reference Center for Neuroradiology, Uniklinikum Wurzburg, University of Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany (M.W-M.); Department of Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital London, London, UK (D.H.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (C.E.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (E.S.J.M.d.B.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (O.S.E.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands (R.R.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center Rotterdam, Leiden, Netherlands (C.M.P.C.D.P.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands (A.Y.N.S-v.M.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands (R.H.J.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands (B.G.); Department of Radiotherapy, Isala Clinics Zwolle, Zwolle, Netherlands (G.M.R.N.P.); Department of Radiation Oncology (874), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (G.O.J.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (D.P.N., W.P.V.); University Children's Hospital, Halle, Germany (C.M.K.); Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medi, Peeters CM; Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.H.A.J., S.E.M.V.v.Z., E.J.v.d.H., G.J.L.K., D.G.v.V.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E.S.A., F.B.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.W.H.); Department of Neuroradiology, Reference Center for Neuroradiology, Uniklinikum Wurzburg, University of Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany (M.W-M.); Department of Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital London, London, UK (D.H.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (C.E.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (E.S.J.M.d.B.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (O.S.E.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands (R.R.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center Rotterdam, Leiden, Netherlands (C.M.P.C.D.P.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands (A.Y.N.S-v.M.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands (R.H.J.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands (B.G.); Department of Radiotherapy, Isala Clinics Zwolle, Zwolle, Netherlands (G.M.R.N.P.); Department of Radiation Oncology (874), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (G.O.J.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (D.P.N., W.P.V.); University Children's Hospital, Halle, Germany (C.M.K.); Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medi, Schouten-van Meeteren AY; Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.H.A.J., S.E.M.V.v.Z., E.J.v.d.H., G.J.L.K., D.G.v.V.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E.S.A., F.B.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.W.H.); Department of Neuroradiology, Reference Center for Neuroradiology, Uniklinikum Wurzburg, University of Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany (M.W-M.); Department of Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital London, London, UK (D.H.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (C.E.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (E.S.J.M.d.B.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (O.S.E.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands (R.R.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center Rotterdam, Leiden, Netherlands (C.M.P.C.D.P.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands (A.Y.N.S-v.M.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands (R.H.J.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands (B.G.); Department of Radiotherapy, Isala Clinics Zwolle, Zwolle, Netherlands (G.M.R.N.P.); Department of Radiation Oncology (874), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (G.O.J.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (D.P.N., W.P.V.); University Children's Hospital, Halle, Germany (C.M.K.); Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medi, Gooskens RH; Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.H.A.J., S.E.M.V.v.Z., E.J.v.d.H., G.J.L.K., D.G.v.V.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E.S.A., F.B.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.W.H.); Department of Neuroradiology, Reference Center for Neuroradiology, Uniklinikum Wurzburg, University of Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany (M.W-M.); Department of Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital London, London, UK (D.H.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (C.E.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (E.S.J.M.d.B.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (O.S.E.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands (R.R.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center Rotterdam, Leiden, Netherlands (C.M.P.C.D.P.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands (A.Y.N.S-v.M.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands (R.H.J.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands (B.G.); Department of Radiotherapy, Isala Clinics Zwolle, Zwolle, Netherlands (G.M.R.N.P.); Department of Radiation Oncology (874), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (G.O.J.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (D.P.N., W.P.V.); University Children's Hospital, Halle, Germany (C.M.K.); Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medi, Granzen B; Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.H.A.J., S.E.M.V.v.Z., E.J.v.d.H., G.J.L.K., D.G.v.V.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E.S.A., F.B.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.W.H.); Department of Neuroradiology, Reference Center for Neuroradiology, Uniklinikum Wurzburg, University of Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany (M.W-M.); Department of Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital London, London, UK (D.H.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (C.E.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (E.S.J.M.d.B.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (O.S.E.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands (R.R.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center Rotterdam, Leiden, Netherlands (C.M.P.C.D.P.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands (A.Y.N.S-v.M.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands (R.H.J.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands (B.G.); Department of Radiotherapy, Isala Clinics Zwolle, Zwolle, Netherlands (G.M.R.N.P.); Department of Radiation Oncology (874), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (G.O.J.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (D.P.N., W.P.V.); University Children's Hospital, Halle, Germany (C.M.K.); Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medi, Paardekooper GM; Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.H.A.J., S.E.M.V.v.Z., E.J.v.d.H., G.J.L.K., D.G.v.V.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E.S.A., F.B.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.W.H.); Department of Neuroradiology, Reference Center for Neuroradiology, Uniklinikum Wurzburg, University of Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany (M.W-M.); Department of Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital London, London, UK (D.H.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (C.E.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (E.S.J.M.d.B.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (O.S.E.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands (R.R.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center Rotterdam, Leiden, Netherlands (C.M.P.C.D.P.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands (A.Y.N.S-v.M.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands (R.H.J.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands (B.G.); Department of Radiotherapy, Isala Clinics Zwolle, Zwolle, Netherlands (G.M.R.N.P.); Department of Radiation Oncology (874), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (G.O.J.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (D.P.N., W.P.V.); University Children's Hospital, Halle, Germany (C.M.K.); Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medi, Janssens GO; Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.H.A.J., S.E.M.V.v.Z., E.J.v.d.H., G.J.L.K., D.G.v.V.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E.S.A., F.B.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.W.H.); Department of Neuroradiology, Reference Center for Neuroradiology, Uniklinikum Wurzburg, University of Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany (M.W-M.); Department of Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital London, London, UK (D.H.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (C.E.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (E.S.J.M.d.B.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (O.S.E.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands (R.R.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center Rotterdam, Leiden, Netherlands (C.M.P.C.D.P.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands (A.Y.N.S-v.M.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands (R.H.J.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands (B.G.); Department of Radiotherapy, Isala Clinics Zwolle, Zwolle, Netherlands (G.M.R.N.P.); Department of Radiation Oncology (874), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (G.O.J.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (D.P.N., W.P.V.); University Children's Hospital, Halle, Germany (C.M.K.); Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medi, Noske DP; Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.H.A.J., S.E.M.V.v.Z., E.J.v.d.H., G.J.L.K., D.G.v.V.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E.S.A., F.B.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.W.H.); Department of Neuroradiology, Reference Center for Neuroradiology, Uniklinikum Wurzburg, University of Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany (M.W-M.); Department of Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital London, London, UK (D.H.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (C.E.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (E.S.J.M.d.B.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (O.S.E.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands (R.R.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center Rotterdam, Leiden, Netherlands (C.M.P.C.D.P.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands (A.Y.N.S-v.M.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands (R.H.J.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands (B.G.); Department of Radiotherapy, Isala Clinics Zwolle, Zwolle, Netherlands (G.M.R.N.P.); Department of Radiation Oncology (874), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (G.O.J.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (D.P.N., W.P.V.); University Children's Hospital, Halle, Germany (C.M.K.); Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medi, Barkhof F; Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.H.A.J., S.E.M.V.v.Z., E.J.v.d.H., G.J.L.K., D.G.v.V.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E.S.A., F.B.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.W.H.); Department of Neuroradiology, Reference Center for Neuroradiology, Uniklinikum Wurzburg, University of Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany (M.W-M.); Department of Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital London, London, UK (D.H.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (C.E.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (E.S.J.M.d.B.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (O.S.E.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands (R.R.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center Rotterdam, Leiden, Netherlands (C.M.P.C.D.P.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands (A.Y.N.S-v.M.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands (R.H.J.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands (B.G.); Department of Radiotherapy, Isala Clinics Zwolle, Zwolle, Netherlands (G.M.R.N.P.); Department of Radiation Oncology (874), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (G.O.J.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (D.P.N., W.P.V.); University Children's Hospital, Halle, Germany (C.M.K.); Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medi, Kramm CM; Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.H.A.J., S.E.M.V.v.Z., E.J.v.d.H., G.J.L.K., D.G.v.V.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E.S.A., F.B.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.W.H.); Department of Neuroradiology, Reference Center for Neuroradiology, Uniklinikum Wurzburg, University of Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany (M.W-M.); Department of Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital London, London, UK (D.H.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (C.E.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (E.S.J.M.d.B.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (O.S.E.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands (R.R.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center Rotterdam, Leiden, Netherlands (C.M.P.C.D.P.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands (A.Y.N.S-v.M.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands (R.H.J.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands (B.G.); Department of Radiotherapy, Isala Clinics Zwolle, Zwolle, Netherlands (G.M.R.N.P.); Department of Radiation Oncology (874), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (G.O.J.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (D.P.N., W.P.V.); University Children's Hospital, Halle, Germany (C.M.K.); Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medi, Vandertop WP; Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.H.A.J., S.E.M.V.v.Z., E.J.v.d.H., G.J.L.K., D.G.v.V.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E.S.A., F.B.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.W.H.); Department of Neuroradiology, Reference Center for Neuroradiology, Uniklinikum Wurzburg, University of Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany (M.W-M.); Department of Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital London, London, UK (D.H.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (C.E.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (E.S.J.M.d.B.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (O.S.E.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands (R.R.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center Rotterdam, Leiden, Netherlands (C.M.P.C.D.P.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands (A.Y.N.S-v.M.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands (R.H.J.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands (B.G.); Department of Radiotherapy, Isala Clinics Zwolle, Zwolle, Netherlands (G.M.R.N.P.); Department of Radiation Oncology (874), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (G.O.J.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (D.P.N., W.P.V.); University Children's Hospital, Halle, Germany (C.M.K.); Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medi, Kaspers GJ; Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.H.A.J., S.E.M.V.v.Z., E.J.v.d.H., G.J.L.K., D.G.v.V.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E.S.A., F.B.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.W.H.); Department of Neuroradiology, Reference Center for Neuroradiology, Uniklinikum Wurzburg, University of Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany (M.W-M.); Department of Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital London, London, UK (D.H.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (C.E.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (E.S.J.M.d.B.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (O.S.E.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands (R.R.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center Rotterdam, Leiden, Netherlands (C.M.P.C.D.P.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands (A.Y.N.S-v.M.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands (R.H.J.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands (B.G.); Department of Radiotherapy, Isala Clinics Zwolle, Zwolle, Netherlands (G.M.R.N.P.); Department of Radiation Oncology (874), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (G.O.J.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (D.P.N., W.P.V.); University Children's Hospital, Halle, Germany (C.M.K.); Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medi, van Vuurden DG; Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.H.A.J., S.E.M.V.v.Z., E.J.v.d.H., G.J.L.K., D.G.v.V.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E.S.A., F.B.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (M.W.H.); Department of Neuroradiology, Reference Center for Neuroradiology, Uniklinikum Wurzburg, University of Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany (M.W-M.); Department of Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital London, London, UK (D.H.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (C.E.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (E.S.J.M.d.B.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (O.S.E.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands (R.R.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center Rotterdam, Leiden, Netherlands (C.M.P.C.D.P.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands (A.Y.N.S-v.M.); Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands (R.H.J.G.); Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands (B.G.); Department of Radiotherapy, Isala Clinics Zwolle, Zwolle, Netherlands (G.M.R.N.P.); Department of Radiation Oncology (874), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (G.O.J.); Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (D.P.N., W.P.V.); University Children's Hospital, Halle, Germany (C.M.K.); Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medi
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Neuro-oncology [Neuro Oncol] 2015 Jan; Vol. 17 (1), pp. 160-6. Date of Electronic Publication: 2014 Jun 05.
DOI:	10.1093/neuonc/nou104
Abstrakt:	Background: Although diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) carries the worst prognosis of all pediatric brain tumors, studies on prognostic factors in DIPG are sparse. To control for confounding variables in DIPG studies, which generally include relatively small patient numbers, a survival prediction tool is needed. Methods: A multicenter retrospective cohort study was performed in the Netherlands, the UK, and Germany with central review of clinical data and MRI scans of children with DIPG. Cox proportional hazards with backward regression was used to select prognostic variables (P < .05) to predict the accumulated 12-month risk of death. These predictors were transformed into a practical risk score. The model's performance was validated by bootstrapping techniques. Results: A total of 316 patients were included. The median overall survival was 10 months. Multivariate Cox analysis yielded 5 prognostic variables of which the coefficients were included in the risk score. Age ≤3 years, longer symptom duration at diagnosis, and use of oral and intravenous chemotherapy were favorable predictors, while ring enhancement on MRI at diagnosis was an unfavorable predictor. With increasing risk score categories, overall survival decreased significantly. The model can distinguish between patients with very short, average, and increased overall survival (medians of 7.0, 9.7, and 13.7 mo, respectively). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.68. Conclusions: We developed a DIPG survival prediction tool that can be used to predict the outcome of patients and for stratification in trials. Validation of the model is needed in a prospective cohort. (© The Author(s) 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Neuro-Oncology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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