Prevention by metformin of alterations induced by chronic exposure to high glucose in human islet beta cells is associated with preserved ATP/ADP ratio.

Autor: Masini M; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy., Anello M; Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania, Italy., Bugliani M; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy., Marselli L; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy., Filipponi F; Department of Surgical Pathology, Medicine, Molecular and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Italy., Boggi U; Department of Surgical Pathology, Medicine, Molecular and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Italy., Purrello F; Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania, Italy., Occhipinti M; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy., Martino L; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy., Marchetti P; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy., De Tata V; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy. Electronic address: vincenzo.detata@med.unipi.it.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Diabetes research and clinical practice [Diabetes Res Clin Pract] 2014 Apr; Vol. 104 (1), pp. 163-70. Date of Electronic Publication: 2014 Jan 03.
DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2013.12.031
Abstrakt: Aim: We have explored whether the insulin secretory defects induced by glucotoxicity in human pancreatic islets could be prevented by metformin and investigated some of the possible mechanisms involved.
Methods: Human pancreatic islets and INS-1E cells were cultured for 24h with or without high glucose (16.7mM) concentration in the presence or absence of therapeutical concentration of metformin and then glucose-stimulated insulin release, adenine nucleotide levels and mitochondrial complex I and II activities were measured. Islet ultrastructure was analyzed by electron microscopy.
Results: Compared to control islets, human islets cultured with high glucose showed a reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion that was associated with lower ATP levels and a lower ATP/ADP ratio. These functional and biochemical defects were significantly prevented by the presence of metformin in the culture medium, that was also able to significantly inhibit the activity of mitochondrial complex I especially in beta cells exposed to high glucose. Ultrastructural observations showed that mitochondrial volume density was significantly increased in high glucose cultured islets. The critical involvement of mitochondria was further supported by the observation of remarkably swollen organelles with dispersed matrix and fragmented cristae. Metformin was able to efficiently prevent the appearance of all these ultrastructural alterations in human islets exposed to high glucose.
Conclusions: Our results show that the functional, biochemical and ultrastructural abnormalities observed in human islet cells exposed to glucotoxic condition can be significantly prevented by metformin, further highlighting a direct beneficial effect of this drug on the insulin secreting human pancreatic beta cells.
(Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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