Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in dromedary camels: an outbreak investigation.

Autor:	Haagmans BL; Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands., Al Dhahiry SH; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar., Reusken CB; Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Diagnostics and Screening, Division of Virology, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands., Raj VS; Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands., Galiano M; Virus Reference Department, Public Health England, London, UK., Myers R; Virus Reference Department, Public Health England, London, UK., Godeke GJ; Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Diagnostics and Screening, Division of Virology, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands., Jonges M; Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Diagnostics and Screening, Division of Virology, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands., Farag E; Supreme Council of Health, Doha, Qatar., Diab A; Supreme Council of Health, Doha, Qatar., Ghobashy H; Supreme Council of Health, Doha, Qatar., Alhajri F; Supreme Council of Health, Doha, Qatar., Al-Thani M; Supreme Council of Health, Doha, Qatar., Al-Marri SA; Supreme Council of Health, Doha, Qatar., Al Romaihi HE; Supreme Council of Health, Doha, Qatar., Al Khal A; Supreme Council of Health, Doha, Qatar., Bermingham A; Virus Reference Department, Public Health England, London, UK., Osterhaus AD; Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands., AlHajri MM; Supreme Council of Health, Doha, Qatar. Electronic address: malhajri1@sch.gov.qa., Koopmans MP; Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Diagnostics and Screening, Division of Virology, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands. Electronic address: m.koopmans@erasmusmc.nl.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	The Lancet. Infectious diseases [Lancet Infect Dis] 2014 Feb; Vol. 14 (2), pp. 140-5. Date of Electronic Publication: 2013 Dec 17.
DOI:	10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70690-X
Abstrakt:	Background: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes severe lower respiratory tract infection in people. Previous studies suggested dromedary camels were a reservoir for this virus. We tested for the presence of MERS-CoV in dromedary camels from a farm in Qatar linked to two human cases of the infection in October, 2013. Methods: We took nose swabs, rectal swabs, and blood samples from all camels on the Qatari farm. We tested swabs with RT-PCR, with amplification targeting the E gene (upE), nucleocapsid (N) gene, and open reading frame (ORF) 1a. PCR positive samples were tested by different MERS-CoV specific PCRs and obtained sequences were used for phylogentic analysis together with sequences from the linked human cases and other human cases. We tested serum samples from the camels for IgG immunofluorescence assay, protein microarray, and virus neutralisation assay. Findings: We obtained samples from 14 camels on Oct 17, 2013. We detected MERS-CoV in nose swabs from three camels by three independent RT-PCRs and sequencing. The nucleotide sequence of an ORF1a fragment (940 nucleotides) and a 4·2 kb concatenated fragment were very similar to the MERS-CoV from two human cases on the same farm and a MERS-CoV isolate from Hafr-Al-Batin. Eight additional camel nose swabs were positive on one or more RT-PCRs, but could not be confirmed by sequencing. All camels had MERS-CoV spike-binding antibodies that correlated well with the presence of neutralising antibodies to MERS-CoV. Interpretation: Our study provides virological confirmation of MERS-CoV in camels and suggests a recent outbreak affecting both human beings and camels. We cannot conclude whether the people on the farm were infected by the camels or vice versa, or if a third source was responsible. Funding: European Union projects EMPERIE (contract number 223498), ANTIGONE (contract number 278976), and the VIRGO consortium. (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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