A global analysis of bidirectional interactions in alpine plant communities shows facilitators experiencing strong reciprocal fitness costs.

Autor: Schöb C; Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, EEZA-CSIC, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain., Michalet R; University of Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, 33405, Talence, France., Cavieres LA; Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile.; Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile., Pugnaire FI; Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, EEZA-CSIC, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain., Brooker RW; The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK., Butterfield BJ; Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research, Northern Arizona University, PO Box 6077, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA., Cook BJ; Department of Biological Sciences, Minnesota State University, Mankato, MN, USA., Kikvidze Z; 4D Research Institute, Ilia State University, 3/5 Cholokashvili Av., Tbilisi, 0162, Georgia., Lortie CJ; Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada., Xiao S; MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China., Al Hayek P; University of Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, 33405, Talence, France.; University of Bordeaux, UMR INRA 1202 BIOGECO, 33405, Talence, France., Anthelme F; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR AMAP, Boulevard de la Lironde, TA A-51/PS2, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France., Cranston BH; Division of Biological Sciences and the Institute on Ecosystems, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA., García MC; Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile.; Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile., Le Bagousse-Pinguet Y; University of Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, 33405, Talence, France.; Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, CZ-370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic., Reid AM; Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2621-2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada., le Roux PC; Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014, Helsinki, Finland., Lingua E; Department TeSAF, University of Padova, Viale dell'Universitá 16, 35020, Legnaro, Italy., Nyakatya MJ; Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa., Touzard B; University of Bordeaux, UMR INRA 1202 BIOGECO, 33405, Talence, France., Zhao L; Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China., Callaway RM; Division of Biological Sciences and the Institute on Ecosystems, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: The New phytologist [New Phytol] 2014 Apr; Vol. 202 (1), pp. 95-105. Date of Electronic Publication: 2013 Dec 12.
DOI: 10.1111/nph.12641
Abstrakt: Facilitative interactions are defined as positive effects of one species on another, but bidirectional feedbacks may be positive, neutral, or negative. Understanding the bidirectional nature of these interactions is a fundamental prerequisite for the assessment of the potential evolutionary consequences of facilitation. In a global study combining observational and experimental approaches, we quantified the impact of the cover and richness of species associated with alpine cushion plants on reproductive traits of the benefactor cushions. We found a decline in cushion seed production with increasing cover of cushion-associated species, indicating that being a benefactor came at an overall cost. The effect of cushion-associated species was negative for flower density and seed set of cushions, but not for fruit set and seed quality. Richness of cushion-associated species had positive effects on seed density and modulated the effects of their abundance on flower density and fruit set, indicating that the costs and benefits of harboring associated species depend on the composition of the plant assemblage. Our study demonstrates 'parasitic' interactions among plants over a wide range of species and environments in alpine systems, and we consider their implications for the possible selective effects of interactions between benefactor and beneficiary species.
(© 2013 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2013 New Phytologist Trust.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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