Diagnosis of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD): development and validation of a clinical prediction rule in primary care.

Autor:	Fahey T; Division of Community Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Mackenzie Building, Dundee DD2 4BF, UK. tomfahey@rcsi.ie, Jeyaseelan S, McCowan C, Carr E, Goudie BM, Pringle SD, Donnan PT, Sullivan FM, Struthers AD
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Family practice [Fam Pract] 2007 Dec; Vol. 24 (6), pp. 628-35. Date of Electronic Publication: 2007 Sep 07.
DOI:	10.1093/fampra/cmm055
Abstrakt:	Background: Diagnosing suspected left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) in the community is a challenge for GPs. We developed and validated a clinical prediction rule (CPR) for LVSD based on history, examination and electrocardiogram (ECG). Methods: Prospective cohort studies of 458 symptomatic patients (derivation cohort) and 535 patients (validation cohort) in 26 general practices in Tayside and Fife, Scotland. All patients underwent a structured clinical examination and ECG and the 'reference standard' investigation of echocardiography to establish the presence of LVSD. Results: Four elements from the clinical history and examination were all independently associated with LVSD--male sex [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.5; 95% CI 1.1, 5.0], presence of orthopnoea (OR 5.4; 1.9, 13.8) history of myocardial infarction (OR 5.6; 2.3, 13.6) and elevated jugular venous pulsations (OR 15.1; 4.6, 49.3). Addition of ECG (OR 20.6; 2.7, 158.6) provides important diagnostic information in terms of probability of LVSD. A CPR based on the presence or absence of these five elements will generate probabilities ranging from 1% to 97% for LVSD when applied to an individual patient. In the validation cohort, the model under-predicted the probability of LVSD, particularly at lower levels of expected risk, reflecting differences in the risk-factor profiles of the derivation and validation cohorts. Conclusions: The derived CPR provides quantitative estimates of post-test probability for LVSD. This rule requires further validation in other populations and settings because of the difficulties encountered in the validation cohort.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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