| Autor: |
Vyas NB; Beltsville Lab, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. nimish_vyas@usgs.gov, Spann JW, Hulse CS, Gentry S, Borges SL |
| Jazyk: |
angličtina |
| Zdroj: |
Environmental monitoring and assessment [Environ Monit Assess] 2007 Oct; Vol. 133 (1-3), pp. 209-14. Date of Electronic Publication: 2006 Dec 14. |
| DOI: |
10.1007/s10661-006-9573-2 |
| Abstrakt: |
The US Environmental Protection Agency conducts risk assessments of insecticide applications to wild birds using a model that is limited to the dietary route of exposure. However, free-flying birds are also exposed to insecticides via the inhalation and dermal routes. We measured azinphos-methyl residues on the skin plus feathers and the feet of brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) in order to quantify dermal exposure to songbirds that entered and inhabited an apple (Malus x domestica) orchard following an insecticide application. Exposure to azinphos-methyl was measured by sampling birds from an aviary that was built around an apple tree. Birds sampled at 36 h and 7-day post-application were placed in the aviary within 1 h after the application whereas birds exposed for 3 days were released into the aviary 4-day post-application. Residues on vegetation and soil were also measured. Azinphos-methyl residues were detected from the skin plus feathers and the feet from all exposure periods. Our results underscore the importance of incorporating dermal exposure into avian pesticide risk assessments. |
| Databáze: |
MEDLINE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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