| Abstrakt: |
We studied, by experiment and by kinetic modelling, the characteristics of the force increase on heating (endothermic force) in muscle. Experiments were done on maximally Ca2+-activated, permeabilized, single fibres (length approximately 2 mm; sarcomere length, 2.5 microm) from rabbit psoas muscle; [MgATP] was 4.6 mM, pH 7.1 and ionic strength was 200 mM. A small-amplitude (approximately 3 degrees C) rapid laser temperature-jump (0.2 ms T-jump) at 8-9 degrees C induced a tension rise to a new steady state and it consisted of two (fast and slow) exponential components. The T-jump-induced tension rise became slower as [MgADP] was increased, with half-maximal effect at 0.5 mM [MgADP]; the pre- and post-T-jump tension increased approximately 20% with 4 mM added [MgADP]. As determined by the tension change to small, rapid length steps (<1.4%L0 complete in <0.5 ms), the increase of force by [MgADP] was not associated with a concomitant increase of stiffness; the quick tension recovery after length steps (Huxley-Simmons phase 2) was slower with added MgADP. In steady-state experiments, the tension was larger at higher temperatures and the plot of tension versus reciprocal absolute temperature was sigmoidal, with a half-maximal tension at 10-12 degrees C; the relation with added 4 mM MgADP was shifted upwards on the tension axis and towards lower temperatures. The potentiation of tension with 4 mM added MgADP was 20-25% at low temperatures (approximately 5-10 degrees C), but approximately 10% at the physiological temperatures (approximately 30 degrees C). The shortening velocity was decreased with increased [MgADP] at low and high temperatures. The sigmoidal relation between tension and reciprocal temperature, and the basic effects of increased [MgADP] on endothermic force, can be qualitatively simulated using a five-step kinetic scheme for the crossbridge/A-MATPase cycle where the force generating conformational change occurs in a reversible step before the release of inorganic phosphate (P(i)), it is temperature sensitive (Q10 of approximately 4) and the release of MgADP occurs by a subsequent, slower, two-step mechanism. Modelling shows that the sigmoidal relation between force and reciprocal temperature arises from conversion of preforce-generating (A-M.ADP.P(i)) states to force-bearing (A-M.ADP) states as the temperature is raised. A tension response to a simulated T-jump consists of three (one fast and two slow) components, but, by combining the two slow components, they could be reduced to two; their relative amplitudes vary with temperature. The model can qualitatively simulate features of the tension responses induced by large-T-jumps from low starting temperatures, and those induced by small-T-jumps from different starting temperatures and, also, the interactive effects of P(i) and temperature on force in muscle fibres. |
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