| Abstrakt: |
Abstract: Sorption of herbicides (acetochlor, atrazine, 2,4-D-DMA, chlorotoluron, MCPA and trifluralin) in six soils was evaluated. Among herbicides studied, dissociable herbicides (MCPA and 2,4-D-DMA) were the least sorbed, whereas nonionic herbicides were the most sorbed (acetochlor < chlorotoluron < trifluralin). The distribution coefficient values KD and equilibrium sorbed amounts positively correlated with soil organic carbon content for all herbicides except MCPA. Moreover, all herbicides except MCPA were the most sorbed in the Vertisoil (SA) with relatively high content of expanding clay minerals in proportion to organic carbon content. Organic carbon - water distribution coefficient values KOC for each herbicide showed a smaller variation among soils used except the SA soil than distribution coefficients KD. To estimate potential risk of groundwater contamination by herbicides investigated, measured KOC and treshold GUS values (Groundwater Ubiquity Score) were used to calculate half-lives t1/2 that would rank herbicides as potentially hazardous and non-hazardous. Comparison of calculated t1/2 values to published was found that atrazine and MCPA could be considered hazardous herbicides, trifluralin non-hazardous herbicide and acetochlor, 2,4-D and chlorotoluron could be hazardous or non-hazardous, depending on soil type. Presented analysis was also in line with risk assessment of groundwater contamination according to EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) criterion. |
