| Abstrakt: |
The replacement of petroleum gasoline with alternative fuels is a significant concern for all stakeholders in the energy field. This arises due to various factors, including the rise in petroleum fuel prices, the environmental risks associated with engine exhaust emissions, the depletion of fossil fuel resources, the impacts of global warming, and overall energy-related concerns. Fossil fuel has higher order emission formation compared to recently developed smart fuels may be due to carbon removal through blending from newly formed fuel prior to combustion. This innovative research addresses the life cycle environment sustainability assessment and analyses the effect of gasoline methanol blended on various exhaust gas emissions (CO, CO2, NOx and HC) of single cylinder gasoline engine under various operating conditions. The emission level was assessed by mounting the engine on a specialized engine test bed equipped with an eddy current dynamometer capable of precisely controlling the engine's speed and torque. This study also proposes a decision-making multiple response optimization approach to mitigate the automotive exhaust gas emissions, which will be a way forward in blend assessment for fossil fuel replacement. Later, a comprehensive sustainability analysis was performed through three different life cycle assessment (LCA) methods such as ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (I), Selected LCI results and Selected LCI results additional in order to assess the environmental feasibility of various blended proportion of methanol in gasoline fuel. The impact indicators of sustainability results are extremely less and do not possess any harm to entire ecosystem for the smart fuel exchange. The blend of 15% (B15) methanol with gasoline exhibited a better alternative behaviour in terms of fuel properties, engine emission compared to pure gasoline. Desirability function analysis proposed the best optimum conditions to minimize the exhaust emission of an unmodified gasoline engine at percentage of carbon removal (i.e. volume percentage of methanol in gasoline) of 12%, braking torque of 2 N m, and engine speed of 500 rpm. The optimum value of automotive emissions (CO, CO2, NOx) gases is 1.08328, 4.08668, and 11.2769 gm/kWh, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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