| Autor: |
May, Peter J.1, Burby, Raymond J.2, Ericksen, Neil J.3, Handmer, John W.4, Dixon, Jennifer E.5, Michaels, Sarah6, Smith, D. Ingle7 |
| Předmět: |
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| Zdroj: |
Environmental Management & Governance. 1996, p90-107. 18p. |
| Abstrakt: |
This article examines how Florida, New Zealand and New South Wales put its cooperative approaches to environmental management into practice. These policies embody key features of coercive (Florida) and cooperative (New South Wales and New Zealand) intergovernmental mandates. The Florida legislation is distinguished by the detail of local plan prescription and relatively strong coercive intergovernmental components. Yet, it also contains positive inducements for local governments to undertake the required policy planning. New Zealand's Resource Management Act is distinguished by procedural emphasis on local government consideration of effects and a policy adoption process to help ensure that all parties have a strong voice in policy development. The flood policy of New South Wales is distinguished by strong reliance on incentives for inducing floodplain-management planning by local governments. The translation of policy into practice occurs through the actions of the government agencies charged with implementing the policy. In making this translation, government agencies are buffeted by a variety of forces from above--in the form of multiple policy mandates and oversight authorities to deal with--and from below--in the form of diverse demands from different constituency groups. As a result of conflicting demands, agency officials must choose how much effort to put into implementing a given policy or aspects of that policy. This leads to consideration of the effort that relevant agencies put into implementation. Of particular relevance is the character of agency dealings with local governments--what we label implementation style. This can be conceptualized along a continuum ranging from a formal, legalistic style to an informal, facilitative style. |
| Databáze: |
GreenFILE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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