| Abstrakt: |
Mosquitoes cause many serious diseases to humans. Synthetic insecticides are effective in mosquito control but they have resulted in development of insecticide resistance and toxic hazards to humans and the environment. Many researchers have been prompted to discover new eco-friendly insecticides, such as plant extracts, essential oils and bacteria. This study aimed to evaluate the larvicidal effect of ethanol extracts of eleven plants namely; Piper nigrum, Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, Allium sativum, Feoniculum vulgare, Orignum marjorna, Rosemaryinus officinalis, Eugenia aromatica, Linum usitatissmum, Cinnamomum verum and Thymus vulgaris; six essential plant oils namely; Piper nigrum, Allium sativum, Citrus lemon, Mentha arvensis, Nigella sativa and Cinnamomum verum; malathion (chemical insecticide) and bacteria (Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis) against mosquito Culex pipiens in distilled and drain water. On the basis of LC50, malathion was the most effective when compared with the tested plant extracts and essential oils. In the case of plant extracts; P. nigrum, C. longa, L. usitatissmum and A. sativum extracts were the most effective bio larvicides. While C. verum extract was the least effective. In the case of essential plant oils; C. lemon, P. nigrum and M. arvensis oils were the most effective bio larvicides. While A. sativum oil was the least effective. In the case of bacterial treatment, LC50 values showed that commercial bacteria formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis was the most effective followed by impregnated bacteria then bacterial suspension. No mortality was observed in the control groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
