| Abstrakt: |
The presence of solid litter and its consequences for coastal ecosystems is now being investigated around the world. Different types of material can be discarded in areas such as salt marshes, and various fouling organisms can associate with such items forming the Plastisphere. This study investigated the distribution of solid litter along zones (dry, middle, flooded) of a salt marsh environment in the Patos Lagoon Estuary (South Brazil) and the association of biofouling organisms with these items. Solid litter quantities were significantly higher in the dry zone when compared to the middle and flooded zones, showing an accumulation area where the water rarely reaches. Most items were made of plastic, as shown for many other coastal areas, and originated from food packaging, fishery and shipping activities and personal use. Although not statistically significant, there was a tendency of increased biofouling towards the flooded zone. Thirteen groups were found in association with solid litter items, mainly algae, amphipods, and gastropods. The preference for salt marsh zones, types of material and items' colour was highly variable among groups of organisms, which can be related to their varied physiological requirements. In summary, significant plastic contamination of salt marshes of the Patos Lagoon was associated with a heterogeneous distribution of fouling communities. [Display omitted] • A snapshot revealed litter contamination in the Patos Lagoon up to 22 items m−2. • Litter density increases with lower flooding rate in the salt marsh. • Items mostly originated from food packaging, fishery, shipping, and personal use. • Biofouling tended to be higher in lower, wetter zones but this was not significant. • Preferences among biofouling groups can relate to other attached species. Main finding Plastic contamination of salt marshes of the Patos Lagoon was associated with a heterogeneous distribution of fouling communities and their preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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