Fun??es executivas e mem?ria em idosos : um estudo sobre os efeitos de um treino cognitivo e repercuss?es na qualidade de vida

Autor: Lopes, Regina Maria Fernandes
Jazyk: portugalština
Rok vydání: 2015
Předmět:
Zdroj: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RSPontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do SulPUC_RS.
Druh dokumentu: Doctoral Thesis
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One of the hypotheses explaining the cognitive aging in the elderly states that age-related cognitive decline might be due to the decrease in functioning of the executive functions. Thus, non-pharmacological strategies have been used in order to lag the cognitive aging process, whereas Cognitive Training (CT) is one of them. The CT has the bias that exercising a particular function delevelops an overall improvement in the functioning. The objectives of this Thesis were to assess the effects of training of executive functions and memory in the elderly, comparing with the control group, and their effects on quality of life; Characterize elderly participants; Check if the cognitive performance linked to the executive functions and memory of the elderly who received cognitive training, compared to control seniors who did not participate in the training group, has had improvement. The studies were transformed and divided into three sessions, whereas the first was theoretical, a systematic literature review, aiming to create a mapping searching articles indexed at Lilacs, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Studies, that had specifically training of executive functions in the elderly, were related. These studies results reported the improvement that occurred after the skills training. In the second session, an empirical study entitled "Cognitive training in older adults and the effect on executive functions" was exposed in order to characterize the elderly, to measure the effects of CT, with emphasis on the executive function, comparing to a control group. It was a quantitative, almost experimental, correlational and comparative, with pre- and post-test and intervention, survey. There was a control group for comparison. The sample was comprised by 145 seniors. 83 seniors completed the survey, whereas 45 seniors were part of the Experimental Group (EG) and 38 elderly were part of the control group (CG). Instruments: sociodemographic Neuropsychological Interview; MMSE; GDS; BAI; Digits subtests, Vocabulary, Block Design, Code, Sequence Numbers and Symbols Search Letras- SNL and the WAIS-III; TMT; WCST; Rey Complex Figures; Sternberg paradigm; Verbal semantic fluency (animal) and phonemic (letters F, A, S), RVLT; Test Stroop Color and Word; Tasks go-no-go. The third session, an empirical article, entitled "Contributions training of executive functions in the perception of the quality of life of seniors", focused on examining whether there was an improvement in the perception of quality of life, comparing the assess results of two groups of elderly who participated in a executive functions training reasearch. The design was quantitative, quasi-experimental, correlational and comparative, with pre- and post-test and intervention. 145 individuals aged over 60 years were invited to enroll in the study. However, 83 seniors accepted to participate in the full survey and comprised the CG and the EG. The average age of the EG was 69.2 (SD = 6.1), the average of the CG was 68.3 (SD = 6.3). The research involved 16 people male participants (19.3%) and 67 female participants (80.73%). Instruments to measure quality of life: Short-WHOLQOL, WHOQOL-Old. The review survey results have showed improvement after the exercises. In intragroup comparisons, GE improved significantly after interventions, as shown by scores of GDS tools, RAVLT, FCR memory, OD Digits, Digits, Vocabulary. Seniors had improvement in their perceived quality of life
Uma das hip?teses que explicam o envelhecimento cognitivo em idosos ? que o decl?nio cognitivo relacionado ? idade, pode ser devido ? diminui??o do funcionamento das fun??es executivas. Neste sentido, t?m sido utilizadas estrat?gias n?o farmacol?gicas para retardar o processo de envelhecimento cognitivo sendo o Treino Cognitivo (TC), uma delas. O TC tem como partida, que ao exercitar uma determinada fun??o se alcan?a uma melhora geral no seu funcionamento. Os objetivos desta Tese de Doutorado foram verificar os efeitos do treino das fun??es executivas e mem?ria em idosos em compara??o com grupo controle e repercuss?es na qualidade de vida; Caracterizar os idosos participantes; Verificar se houve melhora no desempenho cognitivo relacionados com as fun??es executivas e mem?ria dos idosos que receberam treino cognitivo, em compara??o ao grupo controle de idosos que n?o participaram do treino. Os estudos foram transformados e divididos em tr?s sess?es, sendo a primeira te?rica, uma revis?o sistem?tica da literatura, com o objetivo de realizar um mapeamento, atrav?s de busca de artigos indexados nas bases de dados Lilacs, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus e Web Of Science. Foram relacionados estudos, que especificamente apresentavam treino das fun??es executivas em idosos. Nos resultados destes estudos consta a melhora ocorrida ap?s treino de habilidades. Na segunda sess?o ? exposto o estudo emp?rico denominado Treino Cognitivo em idosos e efeitos nas fun??es executivas, com objetivos de caracterizar os idosos, mensurar os efeitos do TC, com ?nfase nas fun??es executivas, comparados a um grupo controle. Foi uma pesquisa do tipo quantitativa, com delineamento quase experimental, correlacional e comparativa com pr? e p?s-teste e de interven??o. Houve grupo controle para compara??o. A mostra foi composta por 145 idosos. Conclu?ram a pesquisa 83 idosos divididos em 45 idosos que fizeram parte do Grupo Experimental (GE) e 38 idosos do Grupo Controle (GC). Instrumentos: Entrevista neuropsicol?gica sociodemogr?fica; MEEM; GDS; BAI; Subtestes D?gitos, Vocabul?rio, Cubos, C?digo, Sequ?ncia N?meros e Letras- SNL e Procurar S?mbolos do WAIS-III; TMT; WCST; Figuras Complexas de Rey; Paradigma de Sternberg; Flu?ncia Verbal sem?ntica (animal) e fon?mica (letras F, A, S), RVLT; Teste Stroop de Cores e Palavras; Tarefas go-no-go. A terceira sess?o, artigo emp?rico, denominado Contribui??es do treino das fun??es executivas na percep??o da qualidade de vida de idosos que teve como foco analisar se houve melhora na percep??o da qualidade de vida, comparando os resultados da avalia??o de dois grupos de idosos, que participaram de uma pesquisa de treino das fun??es executivas. O delineamento quantitativo, quase experimental, correlacional e comparativa com pr? e p?s-teste e de interven??o. Foram convidados para participar do estudo, 145 idosos, com idade superior a 60 anos. No entanto, 83 idosos aceitaram participar da pesquisa completa e compuseram o Grupo Controle (GC) e Grupo experimental (GE). A idade m?dia para o GE foi de 69,2 (DP= 6,1), a m?dia do GC foi de 68,3 (DP= 6,3). A pesquisa contou com 16 pessoas participantes do sexo masculino (19,3% ) e 67 participantes do sexo feminino (80,73%). Os instrumentos de qualidade de vida: WHOLQOL-Breve, WHOQOL-Old. Os resultados da pesquisa de revis?o mostram melhora, ap?s treino. Nas compara??es intra grupo, O GE melhorou significativamente ap?s a interven??o conforme os escores dos instrumentos GDS, RAVLT, FCR- mem?ria, D?gitos OD, D?gitos, Vocabul?rio. Houve melhora na percep??o da qualidade de vida dos idosos.
Databáze: Networked Digital Library of Theses & Dissertations
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