Impact of active and passive smoking as risk factors for asthma and COPD in women presenting to primary care in Syria: first report by the WHO-GARD survey group
| Autor: | Mohammad Y, Shaaban R, Abou Al-Zahab B, Khaltaev N, Bousquet J, Dubaybo B |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2013 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of COPD, Vol 2013, Iss default, Pp 473-482 (2013) |
| Druh dokumentu: | article |
| ISSN: | 1176-9106 1178-2005 |
| Popis: | Yousser Mohammad,1 Rafea Shaaban,1 Bassam Abou Al-Zahab,2 Nikolai Khaltaev,3 Jean Bousquet,4,5 Basim Dubaybo6 1National Center for Research in Chronic Respiratory Diseases, Tishreen University School of Medicine, Latakia, Syria; 2Ministry of Health, Damascus, Syria; 3Global Alliance Against Chronic Respiratory Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; 4Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospital, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France; 5Inserm, CESP Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Respiratory and Environmental Epidemiology Team, Villejuif, France; 6Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA Background: The burden of chronic respiratory disease (CRD) is alarming. International studies suggest that women with CRD are undersurveyed and underdiagnosed by physicians worldwide. It is unclear what the prevalence of CRD is in the general population of Syria, particularly among women, since there has never been a survey on CRD in this nation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of different patterns of smoking on CRD in women. Materials and methods: We extracted data on smoking patterns and outcome in women from the Global Alliance Against Chronic Respiratory Diseases survey. Using spirometric measurements before and after the use of inhaled bronchodilators, we tracked the frequency of CRD in females active and passive narghile or cigarette smokers presenting to primary care. We administered the questionnaire to 788 randomly selected females seen during 1 week in the fiscal year 2009–2010 in 22 primary care centers in six different regions of Syria. Inclusion criteria were age >6 years, presenting for any medical complaint. In this cross-sectional study, three groups of female subjects were evaluated: active smokers of cigarettes, active smokers of narghiles, and passive smokers of either cigarettes or narghiles. These three groups were compared to a control group of female subjects not exposed to active or passive smoking. Results: Exposure to active cigarette smoke but not narghile smoke was associated with doctor-diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, neither cigarette nor narghile active smoking was associated with increased incidence of spirometrically diagnosed COPD. Paradoxically, exposure to passive smoking of either cigarettes or narghiles resulted in association with airway obstruction, defined as forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) |
| Databáze: | Directory of Open Access Journals |
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