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Background: The blood shortage in China has become a nationwide issue, which poses a threat to critical medical treatments and puts patients at risk. To address this problem, blood donation recruitment and retention campaigns have been launched, with university students being recognized as an important target audience. To recruit this particular population effectively, it is crucial to comprehend their motivations for donating blood. Methods: This study used a modified and extended Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior to explain the determinants of blood donation intention among N = 1165 China's young adults through an online cross-sectional survey, utilizing a snowball sampling technique to recruit participants. Results: In line with previous TPB-based studies, we found positive associations between attitude (β = 0.071, p |