Digital Clock and Recall is superior to the Mini-Mental State Examination for the detection of mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia

Autor: Ali Jannati, Claudio Toro-Serey, Joyce Gomes-Osman, Russell Banks, Marissa Ciesla, John Showalter, David Bates, Sean Tobyne, Alvaro Pascual-Leone
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2024
Předmět:
Zdroj: Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy, Vol 16, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2024)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 1758-9193
DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01367-7
Popis: Abstract Background Disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer’s disease highlight the need for early detection of cognitive decline. However, at present, most primary care providers do not perform routine cognitive testing, in part due to a lack of access to practical cognitive assessments, as well as time and resources to administer and interpret the tests. Brief and sensitive digital cognitive assessments, such as the Digital Clock and Recall (DCR™), have the potential to address this need. Here, we examine the advantages of DCR over the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild dementia. Methods We studied 706 participants from the multisite Bio-Hermes study (age mean ± SD = 71.5 ± 6.7; 58.9% female; years of education mean ± SD = 15.4 ± 2.7; primary language English), classified as cognitively unimpaired (CU; n = 360), mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 234), or probable mild Alzheimer’s dementia (pAD; n = 111) based on a review of medical history with selected cognitive and imaging tests. We evaluated cognitive classifications (MCI and early dementia) based on the DCR and the MMSE against cohorts based on the results of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), the Trail Making Test-Part B (TMT-B), and the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ). We also compared the influence of demographic variables such as race (White vs. Non-White), ethnicity (Hispanic vs. Non-Hispanic), and level of education (≥ 15 years vs.
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