Optimization and Synthesis of Nano-Niosomes for Encapsulation of Triacontanol by Box–Behnken Design

Autor: Alfredo Amaury Bautista Solano, Gloria Dávila-Ortiz, María de Jesús Perea-Flores, Alma Leticia Martínez-Ayala
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2024
Předmět:
Zdroj: Molecules, Vol 29, Iss 18, p 4421 (2024)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 1420-3049
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29184421
Popis: Triacontanol is a long-chain primary alcohol derived from policosanol, known for its diverse biological activities, including functioning as a plant growth regulator and exhibiting anti-inflammatory and antitumoral effects. However, its application is limited due to its high hydrophobicity, resulting in poor absorption and reduced therapeutic effectiveness. A potential solution to this problem is the use of niosomes. Niosomes are carriers composed of non-ionic surfactants, cholesterol, charge-inducing agents, and a hydration medium. They are effective in encapsulating drugs, improving their solubility and bioavailability. The objective of this study was to optimize and synthesize nano-niosomes for the encapsulation of triacontanol. Niosomes were synthesized using a thin-film hydration method combined with ultrasonication, following a Box–Behnken design. Niosomes were characterized using various techniques including dynamic light scattering, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), confocal microscopy, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Formulation 14 of niosomes achieved the desired size, polydispersity index (0.198 ± 0.008), and zeta potential (−31.28 ± 1.21). FTIR analysis revealed a characteristic signal in the 3400–300 cm−1 range, indicating intermolecular interactions due to a bifurcated hydrogen bond between cholesterol and S60. Confocal microscopy confirmed the presence of triacontanol through Nile Red fluorescence. TEM revealed the spherical structure of niosomes.
Databáze: Directory of Open Access Journals
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