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Dian Ayu Eka Pitaloka,1,2 Ikhwan Yuda Kusuma,3 Ariani Insyirah,1 Anisa Nabilah Oktariani,4 Hening Pratiwi,5 Nayla Majida Alfarafisa6 1Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia; 2Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia; 3Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Health, Universitas Harapan Bangsa, Purwokerto, 53182, Indonesia; 4Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia; 5Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, 53122, Indonesia; 6Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Dian Ayu Eka Pitaloka, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia, Tel +62-22-84288812, Email dian.pitaloka@unpad.ac.idPurpose: This study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire to measure the knowledge, attitude, and practice of parents regarding antibiotic use in Indonesian children using structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis.Methods: The instrument development process was conducted from January 5 to 19, 2023, using the following steps: 1) literature review and item development, 2) internal review and refinement, 3) structural model analysis, and 4) measurement models’ reliability and validity. A convenience sample was used to recruit parents as participants from Arcamanik District, Bandung, Indonesia. A total of 83 respondents completed the on-site interview questionnaire. Furthermore, statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Version 21.0 and Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) Version 26.0.Results: The content validity for the scales was over 50%, and the reliabilities for the 38 items of the questionnaire were above 0.6, respectively. The suitability of the model was assessed, and the findings showed parameters for indicators: chi-square = 0.0004, CFI = 0.977, RMSEA = 0.044, CMIN/DF = 1.162, AGFI = 0.651, TLI = 0.973, and NFI = 0.860. The GFI parameter did not fit with the output value of 0.718, while the convergent and divergent validity of scores provided evidence in the expected direction.Conclusion: This psychometric development study provides preliminary evidence that the 38-item scales were reliable and valid for assessing knowledge, attitude, and practice toward parents in the self-medication of antibiotics in children.Keywords: drug resistance, children, parents, validity, reliability, structural equation modeling |
