Simultaneous Three-Degrees-of-Freedom Prosthetic Control Based on Linear Regression and Closed-Loop Training Protocol

Autor: Carles Igual, Jorge Igual
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2024
Předmět:
Zdroj: Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 10, p 3101 (2024)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 24103101
1424-8220
DOI: 10.3390/s24103101
Popis: Machine learning-based controllers of prostheses using electromyographic signals have become very popular in the last decade. The regression approach allows a simultaneous and proportional control of the intended movement in a more natural way than the classification approach, where the number of movements is discrete by definition. However, it is not common to find regression-based controllers working for more than two degrees of freedom at the same time. In this paper, we present the application of the adaptive linear regressor in a relatively low-dimensional feature space with only eight sensors to the problem of a simultaneous and proportional control of three degrees of freedom (left–right, up–down and open–close hand movements). We show that a key element usually overlooked in the learning process of the regressor is the training paradigm. We propose a closed-loop procedure, where the human learns how to improve the quality of the generated EMG signals, helping also to obtain a better controller. We apply it to 10 healthy and 3 limb-deficient subjects. Results show that the combination of the multidimensional targets and the open-loop training protocol significantly improve the performance, increasing the average completion rate from 53% to 65% for the most complicated case of simultaneously controlling the three degrees of freedom.
Databáze: Directory of Open Access Journals
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