Characterization and Modeling of LV Cables Considering External Parameters for Distribution Networks

Autor: Ferréol Binot, Trung Dung Le, Marc Petit
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Zdroj: Energies, Vol 14, Iss 23, p 7849 (2021)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 14237849
1996-1073
DOI: 10.3390/en14237849
Popis: In response to the climate emergency, new uses are plugged to low voltage (LV) electrical networks. The development of self-consumption complicates the LV grid operation, and force distribution system operators (DSOs) to better model and characterize their networks. DSOs mainly use a three-conductor model (3 CM) to compute power flows, and consider error margins of 2% for voltage profiles to reflect their model inaccuracy. The characteristics of the future LV grids call into question these margins, and the models used. In this paper, a four-conductor model (4 CM), and an additional model named 4 CMext, that considers external parameters (i.e., cable temperature, ground electrical resistivity, and value/number of the earthing resistances) are proposed. The best model for cable characterization and voltage profile calculation is chosen; the 4 CMext is more adapted for the characterization, and corresponds with the finite element model, with an error margin of 4%, experimental measurements of 15%, and French cable manufacturer data of 0.5%. For the voltage profile, the 4 CMext provides a more detailed view of the critical cases that could lead to a violation of the limits of the EN 50160 standard than 3 CM and 4 CM. Violations of high or low voltages are underestimated by two to six times by the 3 CM and 4 CM. Not considering external parameters can lead to a voltage profile error of above 3%. In this paper, we recommend that DSOs use the 4 CMext to represent LV networks, which would allow LV networks to be used closer to their physical limits, and avoid or postpone network reinforcements.
Databáze: Directory of Open Access Journals
Externí odkaz:
Nepřihlášeným uživatelům se plný text nezobrazuje