Premotor Parkinson's disease: Overview of clinical symptoms and current diagnostic methods
| Autor: | Michaela Kaiserova, Zuzana Grambalova, Sandra Kurcova, Pavel Otruba, Hana Prikrylova Vranova, Katerina Mensikova, Petr Kanovsky |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Biomedical Papers, Vol 165, Iss 2, Pp 103-112 (2021) |
| Druh dokumentu: | article |
| ISSN: | 1213-8118 1804-7521 |
| DOI: | 10.5507/bp.2021.002 |
| Popis: | Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by typical motor symptoms. However, recent studies show several non-motor features that may precede the development of the motor symptoms of PD. The best known premotor symptoms include hyposmia, REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), constipation, and depression; other symptoms are excessive daytime somnolence, orthostatic hypotension and symptomatic hypotension, erectile or urinary dysfunction, musculoskeletal symptoms, pain, and global cognitive deficit. In this review, we summarize currently available diagnostic methods for these symptoms. We also briefly summarize neuroimaging, polyneuropathy, peripheral markers, and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers that may be used in the early diagnosis of PD. |
| Databáze: | Directory of Open Access Journals |
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