| Autor: |
Marcos D.B. Watanabe, Xiangping Hu, Vedant Ballal, Otávio Cavalett, Francesco Cherubini |
| Jazyk: |
angličtina |
| Rok vydání: |
2023 |
| Předmět: |
|
| Zdroj: |
Energy Conversion and Management: X, Vol 20, Iss , Pp 100418- (2023) |
| Druh dokumentu: |
article |
| ISSN: |
2590-1745 |
| DOI: |
10.1016/j.ecmx.2023.100418 |
| Popis: |
This study proposes a country-based life-cycle assessment (LCA) of several conversion pathways related to both on grid-connected Power-to-X (PtX) fuels and advanced biofuel production for maritime transport in Europe. We estimate the biomass resource availability (both agricultural and forest residues and second-generation energy crops from abandoned cropland), electricity mix, and a future-oriented prospective LCA to assess how future climate change mitigation policies influence the results. Our results indicate that the potential of PtX fuels to achieve well-to-wake greenhouse gas intensities lower than those of fossil fuels is limited to countries with a carbon intensity of the electricity mix below 100 gCO2eq kWh−1. The more ambitious FuelEU Maritime goal could be achieved with PtX only if connected to electricity sources below ca. 17 gCO2eq kWh−1 which can become possible for most of the national electricity mixes in Europe by 2050 if renewable energy sources will become deployed at large scales. For drop-in and hydrogen-based biofuels, biomass residues have a higher potential to reduce emissions than dedicated energy crops. In Europe, the potentials of energy supply from all renewable and low-carbon fuels (RLFs) range from 32 to 149% of the current annual fuel consumption in European maritime transport. The full deployment of RLFs with carbon capture and storage technologies could mitigate up to 184% of the current well-to-wake shipping emissions in Europe. Overall, our study highlights how the strategic use of both hydrogen-based biofuels and PtX fuels can contribute to the climate mitigation targets for present and future scenarios of European maritime transport. |
| Databáze: |
Directory of Open Access Journals |
| Externí odkaz: |
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