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Frederick Altice,1 Obaro Evuarherhe,2 Sophie Shina,2 Gemma Carter,2 Anne Christine Beaubrun3 1Section of Infectious Diseases, AIDS Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; 2Value Demonstration Practice, Oxford PharmaGenesis Ltd, Oxford, UK; 3Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Medical Affairs, Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA, USA Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART), when taken consistently, reduces morbidity and mortality associated with human immunodeficiency virus and viral transmission. Suboptimal treatment adherence is associated with regimen complexity and high tablet burden. Single-tablet regimens (STRs) provide a complete treatment regimen in a single tablet. This study examined the relationship between STRs (vs multiple-tablet regimens [MTRs]), treatment adherence, and viral suppression.Methods: A systematic review was conducted to identify studies investigating at least one of the following: (1) STR/MTR use and adherence; (2) levels of adherence and viral suppression; and (3) STR/MTR use and viral suppression. Meta-analysis was performed to assess the relationship between STR vs MTR use and adherence in observational settings at ≥95% and ≥90% adherence thresholds.Results: In total, 29 studies were identified across the three objectives; two studies were relevant for all objectives. STRs were associated with higher treatment adherence than MTRs in 10/11 observational studies: a 63% greater likelihood of achieving ≥95% adherence (95% CI=1.52–1.74; P |
