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Abstract Background In this study, we explored the relationship between social isolation, loneliness, and functional impairment in 50-year-old participants, by sex. Methods Using longitudinal data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2018 and 2020), 6,524 participants meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed. A cross-lag model was established to explore the associations between social isolation, loneliness, activities of daily living (ADL), and instrumental ADL (IADL) disability over time, with results stratified by sex. Results Social isolation was not significantly associated with ADL and IADL disability, but loneliness was. Autoregressive associations indicated that social isolation, loneliness, and functional disability in 2018 predicted their exacerbations in 2020 (p |
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