| Autor: |
Marja I. Roslund, Anirudra Parajuli, Nan Hui, Riikka Puhakka, Mira Grönroos, Laura Soininen, Noora Nurminen, Sami Oikarinen, Ondřej Cinek, Lenka Kramná, Anna-Mari Schroderus, Olli H. Laitinen, Tuure Kinnunen, Heikki Hyöty, Aki Sinkkonen, Damiano Cerrone, Anna Luukkonen, Iida Mäkelä, Mika Saarenpää, Juho Rajaniemi |
| Jazyk: |
angličtina |
| Rok vydání: |
2022 |
| Předmět: |
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| Zdroj: |
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Vol 242, Iss , Pp 113900- (2022) |
| Druh dokumentu: |
article |
| ISSN: |
0147-6513 |
| DOI: |
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113900 |
| Popis: |
Background: According to the biodiversity hypothesis of immune-mediated diseases, lack of microbiological diversity in the everyday living environment is a core reason for dysregulation of immune tolerance and – eventually – the epidemic of immune-mediated diseases in western urban populations. Despite years of intense research, the hypothesis was never tested in a double-blinded and placebo-controlled intervention trial. Objective: We aimed to perform the first placebo-controlled double-blinded test that investigates the effect of biodiversity on immune tolerance. Methods: In the intervention group, children aged 3–5 years were exposed to playground sand enriched with microbially diverse soil, or in the placebo group, visually similar, but microbially poor sand colored with peat (13 participants per treatment group). Children played twice a day for 20 min in the sandbox for 14 days. Sand, skin and gut bacterial, and blood samples were taken at baseline and after 14 days. Bacterial changes were followed for 28 days. Sand, skin and gut metagenome was determined by high throughput sequencing of bacterial 16 S rRNA gene. Cytokines were measured from plasma and the frequency of blood regulatory T cells was defined as a percentage of total CD3 +CD4 + T cells. Results: Bacterial richness (P |
| Databáze: |
Directory of Open Access Journals |
| Externí odkaz: |
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Full Text from ScienceDirect