In vitro and in vivo phototoxicity on gastric mucosa induced by methylene blue

Autor: Hui Yeong Oh, Hyun Ho Choi, Eui Jin Kim, Ji Hye Choi, Sung Sook Choi, Hae Kyung Lee, Hyung-Keun Kim, Sang Woo Kim, Won Sang H. Park, Hiun Suk Chae
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2023
Předmět:
Zdroj: The Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology, Vol 29, Iss 1, Pp 53-58 (2023)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 1319-3767
1998-4049
DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_315_22
Popis: Background: Methylene blue (MB) is used endoscopically to demarcate tumors and as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, there are few in vivo studies about its toxicity in healthy stomach tissue. We performed sequential in vitro and in vivo analyses of MB-induced phototoxicity. Methods: We performed in vitro experiments using the AGS human gastric cancer cell line treated with light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation (3.6 J/cm2) and MB. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. In vivo toxicity was evaluated in the stomach of beagles using the same dose of fiber-optic LED via gastroscopy, after spraying 0.1% and 0.5% MB solutions. Stomach tissue was also evaluated using the TUNEL assay. Results: In vitro, increased concentrations of MB led to higher TUNEL scores. However, cell viability was significantly lower after MB plus LED irradiation than after treatment with MB alone (P < 0.001). In vivo, the TUNEL score was highest immediately after treatment with 0.1% or 0.5% MB plus light irradiation, and the score was significantly higher in the LED illumination plus MB group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The elevated TUNEL score was maintained for 3 days in the MB plus light irradiation group but returned to normal levels on day 10. Conclusions: Endoscopic light application with MB 0.5% concentration to the stomach may be regarded as a safe procedure despite some DNA injuries in the early period.
Databáze: Directory of Open Access Journals
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