Three‐dimensional and catheter‐based intracardiac echocardiographic characterization of the interatrial septum in 2 horses with suspicion of a patent foramen ovale

Autor: Ingrid Vernemmen, Ellen Paulussen, Julie Dauvillier, Annelies Decloedt, Gunther vanLoon
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2022
Předmět:
Zdroj: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Vol 36, Iss 4, Pp 1535-1542 (2022)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 1939-1676
0891-6640
DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16451
Popis: Abstract This case report describes the 2‐dimensional transthoracic (2D‐TTE), 3‐dimensional transthoracic (3D‐TTE) and intracardiac echocardiographic (ICE) characterization of the fossa ovalis region in 2 horses. The first case was presented for poor performance and showed an anechoic zone in the interatrial septum on 2D‐TTE. Based on 3D‐TTE a deepened fossa ovalis could be identified and using ICE the presence of an interatrial shunt could be excluded. The second case was referred for a cardiac murmur and the presence of turbulent flow in and around the interatrial septum on 2D‐TTE color flow Doppler. The complementary use of 2D‐TTE, 3D‐TTE, and ICE allowed detailed characterization of a patent foramen ovale, with evidence of a left‐to‐right shunt in a dorsocranial to ventrocaudal direction with limited hemodynamic implications. These 2 cases underline the feasibility of 3D‐TTE and ICE in horses and especially show the added value of ICE in a clinical setting.
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