| Popis: |
Constantin Stan,1,2 Doiniţa Vesa,2 Mihai Ionuț Tănase,1 Mara Bulmaci,1 Sever Pop,1 Doinel Gheorghe Rădeanu,1 Marcel Cosgarea,1 Alma Maniu1 1Department of ENT, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, România; 2Department of Surgical Clinical, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Galați, RomâniaCorrespondence: Doinel Gheorghe Rădeanu, Department of ENT, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Migdalului Street No. 6, Cluj-Napoca, 400209, România, Tel +40723025325, Email dr.radeanu@gmail.com; doinel.radeanu@gmail.comAbstract: Simulation in endoscopic sinus surgery allows residents to learn anatomy, to achieve the correct handling of various rhinological instruments, and to practice different surgical procedures. Physically or non-virtual reality models are the main items in endoscopic sinus surgery simulation. The objective of this review is to identify and make a descriptive analysis of non-virtual endoscopic sinus surgery simulators which have been proposed for training. As a new state of the art, surgical simulators are developed continuously, so they can be used to learn basic endoscopic surgery skills by repetitive maneuvers, permitting detection of surgical error and incidents without risk for the patient. Of all training physical models, the ovine model stands out because of the similarities of the sinonasal pathways, the wide availability, and the low costs. Considering the similar nature of the tissues involved, the techniques and surgical instruments can be used almost interchangeably with minimal differences. Every surgical technique studied until now has a degree of risk and the only aspects that consistently reduced the number of complications are training, repetition, and hands-on experience.Keywords: simulator, training, physical, rhinology |
