| Autor: |
Rika Zahera, Mega Indah Pratiwi, Ainissya Fitri, Satoshi Koike, Idat Galih Permana, Despal |
| Jazyk: |
angličtina |
| Rok vydání: |
2024 |
| Předmět: |
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| Zdroj: |
Dairy, Vol 5, Iss 3, Pp 542-554 (2024) |
| Druh dokumentu: |
article |
| ISSN: |
2624-862X |
| DOI: |
10.3390/dairy5030041 |
| Popis: |
This study aimed to compare calcium oxide (CaO) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) as calcium sources for coconut fatty acid distillate (CFAD) calcium soap (Ca-soap) production and to evaluate the supplementation ratios of unprotected and protected CFAD in dairy rations to optimize rumen function. This research included two steps: (1) assessing the protection strength of Ca-soap made with CaO and CaCl2 at mole ratios of Ca to CFAD of 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5; (2) evaluating CFAD supplementation in an in vitro dairy ration study using a 5 × 4 randomized factorial block design. Factor A compared unprotected and protected CFAD ratios of A1 = 100:0, A2 = 75:25, A3 = 50:50, A4 = 25:75, and A5 = 0:100, and factor B compared supplementation levels of B1 = 0%, B2 = 1%, B3 = 2%, and B4 = 3%. CaCl2 at a 2.5-mole ratio to CFAD produced the lowest acid value and the carboxylic acid (C=O) chemical bond. Complete protection (0:100) exhibited the highest densities of Bacteroides and nutrient digestibility (p < 0.05) without significantly affecting rumen fermentability (p > 0.05). Higher CFAD levels significantly reduced methanogens and protozoa (p < 0.05) without significantly affecting estimated methane production. In conclusion, CaCl2 at a 2.5-mole ratio to CFAD provided the best protection, and its complete protection in CFAD supplementation optimized rumen function. |
| Databáze: |
Directory of Open Access Journals |
| Externí odkaz: |
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