| Autor: |
Robin J. Dolleman, Gerard J. Verbiest, Yaroslav M. Blanter, Herre S. J. van der Zant, Peter G. Steeneken |
| Jazyk: |
angličtina |
| Rok vydání: |
2020 |
| Předmět: |
|
| Zdroj: |
Physical Review Research, Vol 2, Iss 1, p 012058 (2020) |
| Druh dokumentu: |
article |
| ISSN: |
2643-1564 |
| DOI: |
10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.012058 |
| Popis: |
Recent theory has predicted large temperature differences between the in-plane [longitudinal (LA) and transverse (TA)] and out-of-plane [flexural (ZA)] acoustic phonon baths in locally heated suspended graphene. To verify these predictions, and their implications for understanding the nonequilibrium thermodynamics of two-dimensional (2D) materials, experimental techniques are needed. Here, we present a method to determine the acoustic phonon bath temperatures from the frequency-dependent mechanical response of suspended graphene to a power-modulated laser. The mechanical motion reveals two counteracting contributions to the thermal expansion force, that are attributed to fast positive thermal expansion by the in-plane phonons and slower negative thermal expansion by the out-of-plane phonons. The magnitude of the two forces reveals that the in-plane and flexural acoustic phonons are at very different temperatures in the steady state, with typically observed values of the ratio ΔT_{LA+TA}/ΔT_{ZA} between 0.2 and 3.7. These deviations from the generally used local thermal equilibrium assumption (ΔT_{LA+TA}=ΔT_{ZA}) can affect the experimental analysis of the thermal properties of 2D materials. |
| Databáze: |
Directory of Open Access Journals |
| Externí odkaz: |
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