Collectivity in large and small systems formed in ultrarelativistic collisions
| Autor: | Bhalerao, Rajeev S |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | The European Physical Journal Special Topics, 230(2021)3, 635-654 |
| Druh dokumentu: | Working Paper |
| DOI: | 10.1140/epjs/s11734-021-00019-x |
| Popis: | Collective flow of the final-state hadrons observed in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions or even in smaller systems formed in high-multiplicity pp and p/d/$^3$He-nucleus collisions is one of the most important diagnostic tools to probe the initial state of the system and to shed light on the properties of the short-lived, strongly-interacting many-body state formed in these collisions. Limited, in the initial years, to the study of mainly the directed and elliptic flows -- the first two Fourier harmonics of the single-particle azimuthal distribution -- this field has evolved in recent years into a much richer area of activity. This includes not only higher Fourier harmonics and multiparticle cumulants, but also a variety of other related observables, such as the ridge seen in two-particle correlations, flow decorrelation, symmetric cumulants and event-plane correlators which measure correlations between the magnitudes or phases of the complex flows in different harmonics, coefficients that measure the nonlinear hydrodynamic response, statistical properties, such as the non-Gaussianity of the flow fluctuations, etc. We present a Tutorial Review of the modern flow picture and the various aspects of the collectivity -- an emergent phenomenon in quantum chromodynamics. Comment: Invited review article for EPJ ST, pedagogical review article, 34 pages, 14 Figs, 14 Exercises, comments welcome |
| Databáze: | arXiv |
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