| Popis: |
Obesity during childhood is caused by both congenital and acquired causes. Obese children usually have family history, especially of their mothers. Identical twins have similar weight even if they are reared apart. In very rare cases of heritable obesity, genetic defects in leptin synthesis and its receptor, POMC, MC4 receptor, and prohormone converting enzyme have been reported. In addition, body weight of children and adolescents is related with their life styles, and the prevalence of obesity in recent years is higher than before probably due to changes in calorie intake and energy expenditure. Diagnosis of obesity is based on the assessment of overweight using BMI in most cases of adults. During childhood and adolescence, BMI can not be applied as in adults and its percentile values are useful for children. Percentage of overweight for the standard weight for height has been used as well to demonstrate over- or underweight in children and adolescents. Evaluation of fat volume and its distribution is essential for the precise diagnosis of obesity in children as well as adults. |
