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197 SUMMARY Paradise is a metaphsics universe that exist beyond feelings of the man, seven heavens and seven earths. On the other hand, it enters into the unseen/secret knowledge class. The authentic and only proof of its existence is speech of God and observations of the Prophet Muhammad. So healty knowledge concerned with paradise is also got only from revelation; speech of God and his prophet. As a concept paradise has two meanings: literal and termal. Literally it means `garden` and `vineyard`. Termly it also has two meaning: `Eternal Paradise/ jüö-i **r` and `Garden of Eden/Adem Cenneti/ f*T **?` Eternal paradise is defined in the Qur'an and Sunnah as a blest abode/ happiness country what blievers are going to be entered in Judgement Day as a reward of their good deeds. Garden of Eden or Adam is also the name of abode where The Prophet Adam and his wife Eve were entered for examining and taken out. Topic of Adam's paradise exists in both Kur'an and other Divine Religions like Christianity and Jewish. But topic of this paradise's place is conflicted; there are those who claim that this paradise is in the heaven or on the earth and there are those who avoid determining any place for it. Qur'an and Sunnah absulately states that eternal paradise is going to exist after Judgement Day. Both of them nn the same time explain that this paradise exists at present and its place is above the seven heavens near the sidretü'l-münteha and this paradise is eternal. This paradise have a lot of names and kinds. But these names and kinds are often conflicted to each other. Eternal paradise has seven names. They are cennet, cennetü'1-huld, daru'l-ahire, daru's-selam, daru'l-mukame, makam-i emin and mak'ad-i sidk. Words of fevz, rahmet, ecir, nzık, hüsna vegorfeare sometimes used instead of the paradise. But the phrases such as daru'l-heyevan, illiyyun andkadamu sidk which are accepted the name of eternal paradise by some scholars aren't in fact the name of the it.198 The kind of paradise are expressed as four in the Qur'an and Sunnah. They are Firdevs, Adn, Nairn and Me'va. Order of these are so; Firdevs is highest paradise, Meva is also lowest paradise. Nairn is on the Me'va, Adn is also under the Firdevs. According to bliever's blief and acts there are degrees in the paradise in addition to its kinds. İn the traditions of the prophet is said that there are houndred degrees in the paradise. Superior of degrees is the degree of Vesile which belong to Prophet Muhammad. But topic of degrees of the paradise in Qur'an and Sunnah isn't competely obvious. Two thing must be attended in the knowledge which Qur'an gives about formal and content qualities of paradise: 1) Qur'an's telling paradise with symbolic language. 2) Qur'an's applying method of exemplify in telling of paradise. Not tell all of the element of paradise and not giving all the details of paradise. 3) Qur'an's expressing delights of paradise material and spiritual; its acceptance superiority of the paradise's spiritual delights from material delights. Formal qualities of paradise are summarized that: structure of Firdevs and Adn are from gold, Nairn and Me'va's are also from silver. At the same time one of the bricks of the paradise buildings is from gold, the other is from silver. Its earth is white and its smell is musk. Its sand and pebble is ruby and pearl. Climate of the paradise is always spring. There isn't night in the paradise but there is daytime and an eternal light in it. Its wideness is like wideness of the heavens and earths. There are eight main doors for paradise. Some of the names of these doors are Namaz, Oruç, Zekat and Reyyan. There are a lot of different colours which we know or not know and especially white, yellow and green. Content qualities of the paradise can be told like this; it is stated in the Qur'an that there are every kind of trees and especially that fruit trees are mentioned such as pomegranate, date, grape and banana. Traditions of the Prophet adds those trees Tuba and Sidre trees. There are long shadows in the paradise. Qur'an tells that there are a lot of rivers in the paradise and gives names of that four rivers: water rivers, milk rivers, honey rivers and drink rivers. Sünnet adds those rivers Seyhan, Ceyhan, Fırat, Dicle and Kevser.199 There are also a lot of food and fruit in the paradise especially pomegranete, date, grope and banana. Food is bread and meat in the paradise. Drinks are water, milk, honey and wine. Foods, fruits and drinks are serviced with bowl, goblet(ke's), water ewer(ibrik), pitcher(kub) and tray, tanner(sahfe). They are made of golden and silver. Settlement units of paradise are rooms, tents, houses, palaces and kiosks. Decorations of this settlement units are divans, mattress, armpits, carpets, kilims, cushions and pillows. İn the paradise the man owns their worldly wife that houris with big eyes and white skins are given to them. Women of the paradise are maiden/virgin, the same age and very beautiful. And there are servants(gihnan) who serves to men and women in the paradise. They are eternal and and attractive like pearl. Clothes of men and women are made of thin and thick silk. Their colour is green. Their ormanents are golden and silk bracelets and pearls. There are amusement and music in the paradise. And the biggest taste/happiness of men and women is to see their Creater, God. The topic of seing God (ru'yetullah) is proved with verses of Qur'an and traditions of the Prophet Muhammad(p.b.u.h). The superiour blessing of paradise's people is Rıdvan that it is God's consent from his servants and the servants' consent their God. 196 |
